ReadMe.txt for Workhouse populations 1851-1911 data collection Manifest -------- This data collection comprises two files: 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt is a pipe-separated text file containing data on workhouses and their residents for a sample of English and Welsh workhouses from the Censuses of 1851, 1861, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911. It contains 753,148 records (lines), plus variable names on the first line. LinkedWorkhouses1851to1811.txt is a pipe-separated text file containing identifiers of English and Welsh workhouses for a subsample that have been extracted from every Census in the Integrated Census Microdata dataset from 1851 to 1911, which does not include 1871. It contains 112 records (lines), plus variable names on the first line. Provenance ---------- These files were exported in delimited text format from an Access 2016 database created in September and October 2019 by Gill Newton at the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure (CAMPOP) for a pilot research project named 'Paupers and the Workhouse 1841-1911' led by Samantha Williams at Cambridge University, with GIS linkage by Max Satchell at CAMPOP to a boundary dataset soon to be deposited at UKDA (Day, J.D. Registration district boundaries for England and Wales 1851-1911, 2016, see footnote at end). The workhouses dataset is derived from extractions of workhouse-resident persons enumerated in historical England and Wales Censuses from a CAMPOP-corrected but as yet unreleased Version 2 of Kevin Schurer and Eddy Higgs' Integrated Census Microdata dataset (ICeM), for which the original version is held at the UK Data Archive (UKDA SN 7481 and 7856). About this dataset ------------------ This dataset represents a sample of individuals resident in nineteenth and early twentieth century workhouses (residential homes for the poor), including both paupers and poor law officers undifferentiated. The sample represents between 45% and 78% of the entire England and Wales workhouse population reported for each decennial Census from 1851 to 1911 but not including 1871, and comprises complete enumerations of between 400 and 730 workhouses. Additionally there is a 10% subsample of workhouses present in every Census year. This dataset is derived from the Integrated Census Microdata dataset held at the UK Data Archive, which comprises all persons enumerated in the England and Wales Censuses of 1851 through 1911, not including 1871, and the dataset may be linked to that resource. This is a non-random, maximal sample derived from the whole population datasets ICeM represents. The sample constitutes residents of all workhouses that were readily identifiable from the string values of ICeM addresses, institution names, institution descriptions, registration district names or registration subdistrict names. It only includes workhouses that could be extracted in their entirety, that is where the total number of persons extracted was +/- 2% of the reported residents in that workhouse in 1881 to 1911, or 100 to 115% of reported workhouse paupers in that Registration District in 1851 to 1861. It is mappable in nineteenth century Registration Districts using CAMPOP shapefiles. Only workhouse identifiers, geographical variables, age and sex of individuals are included in this dataset but it may be linked to ICeM for further variables, including names and addresses available under special licence conditions. 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt description and variables -------------------------------------------------------- Records/lines in this table represent persons resident in a sample of workhouses enumerated in an England and Wales Census 1851-1911 not including 1871. Variable names are on the first line. Including these variable names there are 753,149 lines in total. Each record/line uniquely represents a person resident in a workhouse in a Census. This file can be related to Higgs and Schurer's ICeM dataset using the variable named RecID which is common to both. CensusYear - Integer - four digit Census year in which workhouse resident was enumerated (1851, 1861, 1881, 1891, 1901 or 1911). WorkhouseID - Integer - unique-per-Census-year identifier of workhouse. PutativeName - Text - workhouse name, extrapolated from ICeM address, institution name, institution description, registration district or registration subdistrict values. RC - Integer - numeric Registration County identifier where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name. RD - Integer - numeric Registration District identifier where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name but NB integer so a,b not included. RSD - Integer - numeric Registration Subdistrict identifier where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name. RegCnty - Text - Registration County name where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name. RegDist - Text - Registration District name where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name. SubDist - Text - Registration Subdistrict name where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name. InstName - Text - Institution name where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year where applicable, as ICeM variable of same name NB many workhouse residents were identified through address not institution details, and address is an ICeM variable only available to special licence holders. InstDesc - Text - Institution description where workhouse residents were enumerated in a given Census year where applicable, as ICeM variable of same name NB many workhouse residents were identified through address not institution details, and address is an ICeM variable only available to special licence holders; 1911 values of this variable are suspect. RecID - Integer - unique person identifier of workhouse resident in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name. Can be used to relate this dataset to ICeM. NewRecID - Integer - unique person identifier of workhouse resident in a given Census year in CAMPOP-corrected ICeM Version 2, currently only available to CAMPOP. Sex - Text - sex of workhouse resident in a given Census year, as ICeM variable of same name (F for female, M for male, U for unknown). INTage - Integer - age in years of workhouse resident in a given Census year, derived from ICeM variable AGE (NB values above 110 should be taken as unknown). LinkedWorkhouses1851to1811.txt description and variables -------------------------------------------------------- Records/lines in this table represent workhouses sampled in every ICeM England and Wales Census year 1851-1911 not including 1871. Variable names are on the first line. Including these variable names there are 113 lines in total. Each record/line uniquely represents a workhouse EXCEPT FOR RowID values 168-172 which are repeats of three workhouses that each existed as several separate institutions in 1851 but became one institution subsequently. This file can be related to workhouse resident persons given in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt using the variables named xxxxWorkhouseID where xxxx is a four digit Census year and restricting CensusYear in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt to the same four digit Census year. RowID - Integer - uniquely identifies line number of record in this file. PutativeName - Text - workhouse name, extrapolated from ICeM address, institution name, institution description, registration district, or registration subdistrict values. 1851WorkhouseID - Integer - unique identifier of workhouse in 1851, related to workhouse residents for that Census year in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt. 1861WorkhouseID - Integer - unique identifier of workhouse in 1861, related to workhouse residents for that Census year in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt. 1881WorkhouseID - Integer - unique identifier of workhouse in 1881, related to workhouse residents for that Census year in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt. 1891WorkhouseID - Integer - unique identifier of workhouse in 1891, related to workhouse residents for that Census year in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt. 1901WorkhouseID - Integer - unique identifier of workhouse in 1901, related to workhouse residents for that Census year in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt. 1911WorkhouseID - Integer - unique identifier of workhouse in 1911, related to workhouse residents for that Census year in 1851to1911WorkhousesSample.txt. Written by Gill Newton, Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, October 2019. ----- Footnote: The Day GIS dataset was created by the 'Atlas of Victorian Fertility Decline' project (PI: A.M. Reid) with funding from the ESRC (ES/L015463/1). It has been created using Satchell, A.E.M.,Kitson, P.M.K., Newton, G.H., Shaw-Taylor, L., and Wrigley E.A., 1851 England and Wales census parishes, townships and places (2016) available at: https://www.campop.geog.cam.ac.uk/research/occupations/datasets/catalogues/documentation/. The Satchell et al dataset is an enhanced version of H.R.,Southall and N. Burton, GIS of the ancient parishes of England and Wales,1500-1850. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive (May 2004), SN 4828. SN 4828 is a GIS version of Kain, R.J.P., and Oliver, R.R., Historic parishes of England and Wales: An electronic map of boundaries before 1850 with a gazetteer and metadata. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive, May, 2001. SN4348).