Country,COW,Party,RespN,V6_aMode,V6_bMedian,V6_cMean,V6_dSd,V7_aMode,V7_bMedian,V7_cMean,V7_dSd,V8.1_bMedian,V8.1_cMean,V8.1_dSd,V8.2_bMedian,V8.2_cMean,V8.2_dSd,V8.3_bMedian,V8.3_cMean,V8.3_dSd,V8.4_bMedian,V8.4_cMean,V8.4_dSd,V8.5_bMedian,V8.5_cMean,V8.5_dSd,V8.6_bMedian,V8.6_cMean,V8.6_dSd,V8.7_bMedian,V8.7_cMean,V8.7_dSd,V8.8_bMedian,V8.8_cMean,V8.8_dSd,V9_aMode,V9_bMedian,V9_cMean,V9_dSd,V10_aMode,V10_bMedian,V10_cMean,V10_dSd,V11.1_aMode,V11.1_bMedian,V11.1_cMean,V11.1_dSd,V11.2_aMode,V11.2_bMedian,V11.2_cMean,V11.2_dSd,V11A_bMedian,V11A_cMean,V11A_dSd,V11A_R_aMode,V12A_bMedian,V12A_cMean,V12A_dSd,V12A_R_aMode,v12c,V13_aMode,V13_bMedian,V13_cMean,V13_dSd,V13A_bMedian,V13A_cMean,V13A_dSd,V13A_R_aMode,V14_aMode,V14_bMedian,V14_cMean,V14_dSd,V15_aMode,V15_bMedian,V15_cMean,V15_dSd,V16.1_bMedian,V16.1_cMean,V16.1_dSd,V16.2_bMedian,V16.2_cMean,V16.2_dSd,V16.3_bMedian,V16.3_cMean,V16.3_dSd,V16.4_bMedian,V16.4_cMean,V16.4_dSd,V16.5_bMedian,V16.5_cMean,V16.5_dSd,V16.6_bMedian,V16.6_cMean,V16.6_dSd,V16.7_bMedian,V16.7_cMean,V16.7_dSd,V16.8_bMedian,V16.8_cMean,V16.8_dSd,V16.9_bMedian,V16.9_cMean,V16.9_dSd,V17.1_aMode,V17.1_bMedian,V17.1_cMean,V17.1_dSd,V17.2_aMode,V17.2_bMedian,V17.2_cMean,V17.2_dSd,V18c,V19.1_bMedian,V19.1_cMean,V19.1_dSd,V19.2_bMedian,V19.2_cMean,V19.2_dSd,V19.3_bMedian,V19.3_cMean,V19.3_dSd,V19.4_bMedian,V19.4_cMean,V19.4_dSd,V19.5_bMedian,V19.5_cMean,V19.5_dSd,V19.6_bMedian,V19.6_cMean,V19.6_dSd,V19.7_bMedian,V19.7_cMean,V19.7_dSd,V19.8_bMedian,V19.8_cMean,V19.8_dSd,V21.1_bMedian,V21.1_cMean,V21.1_dSd,V21.2_bMedian,V21.2_cMean,V21.2_dSd,V21.3_bMedian,V21.3_cMean,V21.3_dSd,V21.4_bMedian,V21.4_cMean,V21.4_dSd,V21.5_bMedian,V21.5_cMean,V21.5_dSd,V22_bMedian,V22_cMean,V22_dSd,v22r_aMode,V23.1_bMedian,V23.1_cMean,V23.1_dSd,V23.2_bMedian,V23.2_cMean,V23.2_dSd,V23.3_bMedian,V23.3_cMean,V23.3_dSd,V23.4_bMedian,V23.4_cMean,V23.4_dSd,V23.5_bMedian,V23.5_cMean,V23.5_dSd,V23.6_bMedian,V23.6_cMean,V23.6_dSd,V23.7_bMedian,V23.7_cMean,V23.7_dSd,V24.1_bMedian,V24.1_cMean,V24.1_dSd,V24.2_bMedian,V24.2_cMean,V24.2_dSd,V24.3_bMedian,V24.3_cMean,V24.3_dSd,V24.4_bMedian,V24.4_cMean,V24.4_dSd,V24.5_bMedian,V24.5_cMean,V24.5_dSd,V24.6_bMedian,V24.6_cMean,V24.6_dSd,V24.7_bMedian,V24.7_cMean,V24.7_dSd,V24.8_bMedian,V24.8_cMean,V24.8_dSd,V25.1_bMedian,V25.1_cMean,V25.1_dSd,V25.2_bMedian,V25.2_cMean,V25.2_dSd,V25.3_bMedian,V25.3_cMean,V25.3_dSd,V25.4_bMedian,V25.4_cMean,V25.4_dSd,V25.5_bMedian,V25.5_cMean,V25.5_dSd,V27.1_aMode,V27.1_bMedian,V27.1_cMean,V27.1_dSd,V27.2_aMode,V27.2_bMedian,V27.2_cMean,V27.2_dSd,V28c,V29_bMedian,V29_cMean,V29_dSd,v29r_aMode,V30_bMedian,V30_cMean,V30_dSd,v30r_aMode,V31_bMedian,V31_cMean,V31_dSd,v31r_aMode,V32_bMedian,V32_cMean,V32_dSd,v32r_aMode,V33_bMedian,V33_cMean,V33_dSd,v33r_aMode,V34_aMode,V34_bMedian,V34_cMean,V34_dSd,V35.1_aMode,V35.1_bMedian,V35.1_cMean,V35.1_dSd,V35.2_aMode,V35.2_bMedian,V35.2_cMean,V35.2_dSd,V36_aMode,V36_bMedian,V36_cMean,V36_dSd,V37c
Czech Republic,316,"Action of Dissatisfied Citizens (Akce Nespokojenych Obcanu, ANO)",1,2,2,2, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5, , , ,-99,-99, , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,5,5,5, , 
South Africa,560,African National Congress (ANC),2,1,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,5,5,2.82842712474619,3,2,2,1.4142135623731,1, ,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,4,4,2.82842712474619,2,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | The distinction here is between explicit exclusion (on one does that) and de facto or implicit exclusion - there is quite a bit of that. | Total |,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4, ,4,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548, On the question of national identity - South Africa is a curious instance given its particular history. The Theory of colonialism of a special type - characterised South Africa as a society in whicha  minority race- language and culture dominated the majority - economically- socially and politically. So inclusion in identity terms and on economic terms (such as policy for positive discrimination) are not about marginalising minorities but about redress and social justice | The problem with this part of the questionnaire is that what parties have in their manifesto and what high-ranking leaders of the same parties then say in public is often completely incompatible. The most schizophrenic here is the ANC - their manifesto will say one thing on- say immigration- their national minister another. You can have two national ministers pronouncing on a policy issue in mutually exclusive ways. There is complete policy incoherence and drift in practice- never mind what the manifesto says. | Total |
Egypt,651,Al-Nour Party (Hizb al-Nur),2,3,2,2,0,1,1,1, , , , ,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,3,3,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | It is very important to note that the Freedom & Justice Party is outlawed in Egypt because of the regime's crackdown on the Muslimbrotherhood- of which FJP was the political arm. Therefore- no answers on that party possible. | Total |,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,4,4, ,4,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,5,5,0,5,3,3, ,3,5,5,0,5,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,5,5,5,0, 
India,750,All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK),1,3,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,-99,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,-99, , , , 
India,750,All India Trinamool Congress (AITC),1,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,-99,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,-99, , , , 
Ukraine,369,All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda (Vseukrayinske obyednannia Svoboda),1,3,2,2, ,2,2,2, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , , , ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2, , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , 
Malawi,553,Alliance for Democracy (Aford),3,1,4,4,0,1,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1,0,-12,2,2,1,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,7,7,0,7,2,2,0,2,  | Malawian political parties are very fluid- with no set membership. Members often move from one party to another with regular frequency. | Parties in Malawi are simply loose collections of elites who use them predominantly as vehicles for grabbing state power. Political parties are not firmly rooted in society. Most of the parties suffer from the founders' syndrome characterized by protracted leadership succession struggles. | Total,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-12,3,3,1,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Most Malawian political parties have similar opportunistic ideologies. They thrive on promises of patronage. | Parties in Malawi draw their support primarily from regions or district that are considered as their strongholds. These are usually districts or regions where the majority of the party leadership comes from. Parties often form patronage relations with local leaders as well as religious leaders who come from their respective regions or districts. | Total,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,2,2, ,2,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | Party politics in Malawi is largely about electing one of your own to be the helm of government and therefore regulate the flow of patronage. | Total |,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,  | Last question is not applicable- not from this country. | Party positions on critical issues does not really matter in determining electoral chances of success. | Total
Bosnia-Herzegovina,346,"Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (Savez Nezavisnih Socijaldemokrata, SNSD)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,-12,2,2,1, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,2,2,0,2,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,5,5, ,5,3,3,1,-12,2,2, ,2,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626, 
Serbia,345,"Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (Vajdasagi Magyar Szovetseg, VMSZ)",4,3,2,2,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2.25,.5, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3,.816496580927726,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-12,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,2,3,1.73205080756888,2,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1.25,.5,1,1,1,1.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Minority parties usually adapt to the ruling party's position. In Vojvodina the Democratic Party pursued a more social democratic agenda. Now- that the Progressive Party won the minority parties will adapt again (even being part of the government in Novi Sad). It is generally difficult to fix a party's position on certain issues- since day-to-day politics demand flexibility. Thus the clear distinction as conservative-liberal-socialist does not really fit- since all parties are nationalistic- some more- some less. | Total |
Myanmar,775,Arakan National Party,4,3,2,2,0,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,2,2,1.75,.5,-99,3,3,0,2,2,2,.816496580927726,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | All parties work very centralised- especially NLD.  How adaptable is this to a federal system that is demanded by the ethnic nationalities? | Party organization across the various is still quite week and based on personality vs any real ideology. | There is a general tendency for parties to have one or a few dominant personalities and lesser levels of institutionalization especially during normal times. Party disciplie is also quite tightly controlled and clientelism is not uncommon.,-12,3,3,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338,3,3,3,.816496580927726,  | Ethnically based parties like SNLD and ANP will naturally target ascriptive groups since that is the nature of their agenda. Broader and larger parties tend to seek wider appeal although the USDP has linkages to Buddhist groups. | In the run-up to the 2015 elections USDP talked more about concrete issues/policies more than any other party. | Total,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5, , , ,4,4,3.75,.5,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | There is general anti-Muslim sentiment in the country and very strongly expressed in Rakhine state that regards itself subjected to the vagaries of illegal migration from Bangladesh. The NLD tries to covertly go along with this national sentiment for fear of losing the Buddhist vote. And the SNLD has bee furious with the plasticity of the Wa region and state that grows southwards into the traditional Shan areas. | Total |,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,5,4.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,5,5,5,0,5,4,3.33333333333333,2.08166599946613,-12,1,1,1,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,5,5,4,2,  | Parties in Burma really do not have  policy positions but rather support vague concepts for example rule of law- or democracy. | The survey should try and capture the differences between the national and regional levels to nuance the findings. So for example- the position of the ANP and the SNLD with regard to minorities is reflective of regional identities rather than the national one. | Total
India,750,Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),1,3,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,2,2, ,2,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,4,4, ,4,2,2, ,2,5,5, ,5,2,2, ,2,5,5, ,5,2,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , 
Brazil,140,"Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democratico Brasileiro, PMDB)",1,3,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,4,4, ,4,1,1, ,1,4,4, ,4,2,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , 
Tunisia,616,Call for Tunisia (Nidaa Tounes),2,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,1,0,-99,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,6,6,0,6,2,2,0,2,  | Ennahda represents the most well organized party with clear internal rules and strong internal democracy.  Nidaa Tounes is an amalgamation of factions who gathered in the interest of displacing Ennahda from power and restoring a more traditional party with liberal values.  THey have no clear ideology aside from secularism and liberalism and suffer from internal divides and governance challenges. | Total |,2,2,2,0,4,4, ,4,4,4,4,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,2,2,2,0, ,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12, , , ,-99,3,3, ,3,2,2,2, ,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,3,3,3, , 
Bolivia,145,"Christian Democratic Party (Partido Democrata Cristiano, PDC)",4,1,1,2,1.4142135623731,1,1,1.8,1.30384048104053,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,.428571428571429,.534522483824849,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,.142857142857143,.377964473009227,0,.142857142857143,.377964473009227,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,-12,2,1.8,.836660026534076,-99,1,1.85714285714286,1.0690449676497,-12,2,2.71428571428571,1.25356634105602,4,4,3.57142857142857,.786795792469443, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, The success of MAS brought a deep change of elites to the countries. Some of the old elites assembles in UD and PC - but the traditional party systems is destroyed and no signs of recovery. PC ist just the legal register- it has no structure- membership. Quiroga used the registracion mark to candidate- the party itself is without any proper strcuture/membershup-live. UD survives because of aliances - which might be her anvabtage at a given moment when MAS ist loosing atractivness. But just beacuase of these aliances UD provided a certain national presence - it mainly a political project of Samuel Medina. The only party (better movement) with national presence- internal structures and a proper membership. The structure is marked by the membership-organisationes- not by individual members. The makes decisionmaking inside MAS a permanet power game- but limits aswell the governing leadership. Yes- Morales is a tipical 'caudillo' but still controled by the basis organisations. | Total |  |,3,3,3,.632455532033676, , , ,-99,2,2,2.57142857142857,1.13389341902768,-12,2,2.2,.836660026534076,0,0,0,0,.142857142857143,.377964473009227,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.571428571428571,.534522483824849,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.142857142857143,.377964473009227,4,3,3.14285714285714,.899735410842437,4,4,3.5,.836660026534076, Its dificult to present a categorie 'religious/ethnica organisations' together: the strong social indigenous and farmer movements a the basis of MAS and the social structure and therefore extremely important and supported by MAS and suposingly other parties too. Relgious (church) ist mainly irrelevant in the power structure of the country and therefore irrelevant to support | Total |  |,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,.428571428571429,.534522483824849,0,.428571428571429,.534522483824849,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.428571428571429,.534522483824849,0,.285714285714286,.487950036474267,0,.428571428571429,.534522483824849,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.714285714285714,.487950036474267,0,0,0,0,.142857142857143,.377964473009227,0,.142857142857143,.377964473009227,0,.25,.5,0,.428571428571429,.534522483824849,4,3,3.14285714285714,.899735410842437,4,4,3.28571428571429,.951189731211342, No party excludes anybody explicity- all try to atracts votes from all sectors. | Total |  |,2,2.5,1.6431676725155,-12,3,2.6,1.14017542509914,3,3,2.6,1.14017542509914,3,2,2,.816496580927726,2,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,3,2,2,1.66666666666667,.516397779494322,4,3,3,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.66666666666667,.516397779494322,5,5,3.85714285714286,1.67616341969505, I based my judgement on the acion/prononciacions from party representatives - not on the written prpgram which might differ. Eventhough UD presents himself as a conservative- bourgois party- the 'procewso de cambio' has established some new features in Bolivia which no party can deny: No neoliberalism in economics- a responsable state- ackowldegemente of the indigenous people- nacionalist- fight for access to the sea etc.. In these aspects- exists a consens in society to which the political parties contribute knowing that contradicting these- there will not gaian any vote. | Total |  |
Poland,290,"Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO)",4,1,1,1,0,1,1,1.25,.5,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-99,1,1.5,1,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | Dear Sirs-  thank you for the invitation to the panel- I would like to stress that- questions that had been asked concern party politics areas- where we currently observe a dynamic changes.  Let me just turn your attention to two issues regarding the questionnaire and my answers:  - as the Mniejszość Niemiecka is not officially registered political party (they run in the 2015 general election as a voters' electoral commetee- as a national minority they did not need to pass the threshold of 5%) and- on the contrary to all other parties- is an example of a etho-regional party (ethnic based electorate based in just one region).  Therefore some of your questions and answers (i.e. level on which the candidates lists are formed) can be misleading or easily misinterpreted.    When the origin of parties is concerned- typically for the CEE countries- Polish parties were formed in top-to-bottom manner by the post-communist elites or splinter from the mainstream parties- but in case of PO - when the political organisation was started it at first- took a form of an association and turned into the political party after entering the Parliament in 2001- nevertheless the association was also started and run by the well-known politicians (Tusk- Płażyński etc.) so answering your question I sticked to the first option (elites).    I would like to mention that the Polish parties listed are 'set-in-stone'  in most of the areas you cover (i.e. the party internal democracy)- this is in contrast with several new but still minor agents/parties like Razem (Togheter party) or .Nowoczesna. | Inclusion of Mniejszosc niemiecka in the survey does not make much sense- because they have currenlty only one MP on the national level- their constituencies are only in a small part of the country and they are not a national political party (the MP stems from the fact- that ethnic minorities are exempt from the 5% threshold for parties in national elections) | Parties in Poland are not very rooted in the society. Their membership is low as well as their cooperation with the local communities. Even if they have some ties with business (like PO) or with religious groups (like PiS) I wouldn't name this ties as strong and very formal... In addition- the parties tend to have their youth branches- but I wouldn't named them as youth organisations. Mniejszość Niemiecka (MN) is operating mostly in one region (Opolskie Voivodeship).,3,3,2.75,.5, , , ,-99,4,4,3.75,.5,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.75,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,  | I would say that the modes of party competition in Poland are slightly different to the way you treat them in your questions. Parties in Poland rarely address to particular organised groups (maybe besides Unuions) - they rather try to address particular social groups with their programme (and on that I've based my answers). | Total |,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,1,1,0, , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,  | In general- Poland is very homogenous country (2nd in Europe after Malta) and issue of minorities is not the most important (only starting to be due to the European refugee crisis). But some political parties tend to create their own minorities to be oposed (see: PiS). | PiS addresses voters by stressing the partys preference for Polish voters- defining the nation in ethnic terms and excluding non-Poles. However- there is nowhere a clear definition of whom they include and whom not- so also the definition of exclusion is very vague. Exclusion is mainly based on the assessment of whether specific individuals or groups oppose the party platform. If they do- they are declared 'non-Polish'- no matter- whether they are or are not Polish citizens- of Polish origin etc. | Total,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,3,2,2,.816496580927726,2,2,2,0,2,4,4,0,4,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,3,2,2,1.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626, 
Tanzania,510,Civic United Front (CUF),5,-12,2,2,0,4,4,3.25,1.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166, , , ,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,-99,2,2.2,.836660026534076,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,4,3.5,1,5,4.6,.547722557505166,5,1,2.2,1.6431676725155,1,  | corruption is often practised in selection process | Party Organization is clear to a large extent for the above mentioned parties. However- there are always challenges when it comes to implementing the rules/guidelines - especially when approaching and during internal and national elections. | Total,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,4,3.2,1.30384048104053,4,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3.25,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,  | Parties usually do not have direct links with other groups - especially civil society as laws do not usually allow those other groups to have political affiliations. So engagement is usually very low- informal- keeping a low profile. | The issues raised are outlawed as they would appear to be corrupt practices. | Total,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,.6,.547722557505166, , , ,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,  | Even CUF has many christian and main-land members- as the law requires all parties are mixed- but everyone knows the practice that is a Zanzibar and mainly Islamic party. | Total |,1,2.33333333333333,2.3094010767585,1,5,5, ,5,1,2,1.73205080756888,1,5,4,1.73205080756888,5,1,1.2,.447213595499958,1,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,-12,3,3,1.58113883008419,  | CCM is a former socialist party- hence some strong state positions and national unity values- also in long partnership with Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. As main opposition Chadema tends to be a more liberal party- however also receiving Konrad Adenauer Stiftung support- while I believe CUF receives Friedrich Neumann support- which is not all together ideologically logical to me. | Total |
Colombia,100,"Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano, PC)",2,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It's important to mention that 'Fundación Ebano de Colombia' is not a  formal political party- it is not recognize as such for the Colombian authorities due to a large judicial process they're facing. Yo can find the information from the General Attorney's Office here: http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/colombia/noticias/fiscalia-imputo-cargos-contra-representante-legal-de-funeco-por-inscripcion-irregular-de-candidatos-al-congreso/ | Total |  |,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,-99,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,4,4,4, ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, ,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,5,5,0,5,3,3, ,3,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, Basically there is no ideological difference in the first three parties. The fourth one (FUNECO) has traditionally been associated with cases of illegality. The last one (AICO) focuses practically on indigenous issues with a reduced impact on the national scene.  The selected parties  are not the most representative in terms of the political spectrum in Colombia- although the first three have the highest voting and the last two refer to minority groups | Total |  |
Colombia,100,"Colombian Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Colombiano, PLC)",2,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It's important to mention that 'Fundación Ebano de Colombia' is not a  formal political party- it is not recognize as such for the Colombian authorities due to a large judicial process they're facing. Yo can find the information from the General Attorney's Office here: http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/colombia/noticias/fiscalia-imputo-cargos-contra-representante-legal-de-funeco-por-inscripcion-irregular-de-candidatos-al-congreso/ | Total |  |,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,-99,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,4,4,4, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,-99,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, ,5,5, ,5,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,2,2, ,2,2,2,0,2,1,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,0, Basically there is no ideological difference in the first three parties. The fourth one (FUNECO) has traditionally been associated with cases of illegality. The last one (AICO) focuses practically on indigenous issues with a reduced impact on the national scene.  The selected parties  are not the most representative in terms of the political spectrum in Colombia- although the first three have the highest voting and the last two refer to minority groups | Total |  |
Uruguay,165,"Colorado Party (Asociacion Nacional Republicana – Partido Colorado, ANR-PC)",2,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-99,2,2,1.4142135623731,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The very popular MPP is strongly linked with it`s leader José Mujica (ex president). I really don´t imagine this movement without Mujica. Partido Nacional is celebrating 180 years of existance this 2016. It has many 'local leaders' (Intendentes) and it has a strong sense of belonging- the challenge is to grow outside of it`s borders. Partido Colorado is facing a critical situation. Only leaders- very unpopular. | Total |,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,2,2,2, ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,-99, , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,1,0, , , ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,0,3,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,0,3,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3, ,  | MPP is made up of many  movements- including voters of Partido Nacional and Partido Colorado. It is a catch all movement- strongly positioned symbollicaly as the 'anarchic protector shield of the poor pepople'. It has a populist speech. Partido Nacional is a liberal political party- with some conservative positions- but with a very clear speech on freedom and democracy and the respect of the law. Partido Colorado is the party that ruled in Uruguay and controlled the state during the XX century. | Total |
Czech Republic,316,"Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (Komunisticka strana Cech a Moravy, KSCM)",1,-99,1,1, ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , 
Ecuador,130,"Creating Opportunities (Creando Oportunidades, CREO)",1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2, , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,1,1, ,1,4,4, ,4,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , 
Bosnia-Herzegovina,346,"Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine, HDZ BiH)",3,1,2,2,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,4,3.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,4,4, ,4,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,2,2, ,2,4,4,0,4,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626, 
Czech Republic,316,"Czech Social Democratic Party (Ceska Strana Socialne demokraticka, CSSD)",1,2,1,1, ,4,4,4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,-99,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,2,2, ,2,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , 
Czech Republic,316,Dawn - National Coalition (Usvit - Narodni Koalice),1,1,2,2, ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5, , , ,-99,-99, , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,5,5,5, , 
Malaysia,820,"Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik, DAP)",1,3,1,1, ,-99, , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,-99, , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,-99, , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,1,1,1, , 
South Africa,560,Democratic Alliance (DA),2,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,5,5,0,5,1,1,0,1, ,4,4,4,0,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,3,0,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,-99,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | The distinction here is between explicit exclusion (on one does that) and de facto or implicit exclusion - there is quite a bit of that. | Total |,3,3,0,3,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,0,2,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964, On the question of national identity - South Africa is a curious instance given its particular history. The Theory of colonialism of a special type - characterised South Africa as a society in whicha  minority race- language and culture dominated the majority - economically- socially and politically. So inclusion in identity terms and on economic terms (such as policy for positive discrimination) are not about marginalising minorities but about redress and social justice | The problem with this part of the questionnaire is that what parties have in their manifesto and what high-ranking leaders of the same parties then say in public is often completely incompatible. The most schizophrenic here is the ANC - their manifesto will say one thing on- say immigration- their national minister another. You can have two national ministers pronouncing on a policy issue in mutually exclusive ways. There is complete policy incoherence and drift in practice- never mind what the manifesto says. | Total |
Serbia,345,"Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina (Demokratski Savez Hrvata u Vojvodini, DSHV)",4,3,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,3,3, ,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2.25,.5, , , ,-99,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,3,3,2.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,4,0,4,2,2,1,-12,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,2.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,4,4,4,0,  | Minority parties usually adapt to the ruling party's position. In Vojvodina the Democratic Party pursued a more social democratic agenda. Now- that the Progressive Party won the minority parties will adapt again (even being part of the government in Novi Sad). It is generally difficult to fix a party's position on certain issues- since day-to-day politics demand flexibility. Thus the clear distinction as conservative-liberal-socialist does not really fit- since all parties are nationalistic- some more- some less. | Total |
Romania,360,"Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR, Romaniai Magyar Demokrata Szovetseg, RMDSZ/UDMR)",3,3,2,2,1,-12,2,2,1,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | As previously mentioned- these electoral alliances have been made prior to elections- and almost immediately after have been broken- so better would have been to address the questions at parties' level- not alliances- as noone perceives the alliances- but more the parties | I work in the NGO sector and through my work of over 15 years with political parties I also came to learn inside information about them- but I can not state that this is general or facts. I believe data should also be confronted with opinions from people from the party. | Total,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,  | All parties- b/c they lost most of their voters' basis- compete for the same voters: Roma and poor. Due to the legislation- the parties don't really have the option to promise or promote changes- other than legislative (ie there are no pre-electoral consultations with groups of citizens on their priorities- nor labor unions/businesses)- as it can be interpreted as traffic of influence. However- these elections (June 5th) have limited the votebuying- given electoral law changes. | Total |,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Political inclusion is limited to local dialogue- not national policies. We can even say it is a case-by-case 'inclusion'- and it seeks only short term or temporary solutions for the respective minorities- when we talk about the inclusion of the mainstream parties. When we talk about the minority political organizations (as none of the above are political parties)- they target more seriously their own ethnic groups- but with little follow up. The Hungarians are thebest and most consistent. | Total |, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,  | Discussion are not about policies- positions on major issues. the parties barely have programs when they run in elections and even if they do (USL) had they are very superficial - they just say more high ways but they never say where will they get the budget for it. Also- in the last years the liberals were more into social measures than the social democrats- while the social democrats started taking more stands on the rights of small businesses. | The parties (electoral alliances listed) were artificially created for the electoral period/elections in 2012. These alliances had a very short life- and especially USL- that was consisted of 2 parties (one social-democrat and the other right wing liberal)- were very different in opinions and views- even in the elections- the only common nominator was to beat the president's party- who formed ARD alongwith some smaller parties. There is no consistency in the policies (not even talking about ideolgoies)- the social democrats have made the most liberal fiscal code- per examp | Total
Serbia,345,"Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians (Vajdasagi Magyarok Demokratikus Kozossege, VMDK)",4,3,2,2,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,2,2,1.75,.5,-99,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99,4,4,3.75,.5,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,3,3,3,.816496580927726,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-12,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,3,3.33333333333333,1.52752523165195,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1.25,.5,1,1,1,1.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Minority parties usually adapt to the ruling party's position. In Vojvodina the Democratic Party pursued a more social democratic agenda. Now- that the Progressive Party won the minority parties will adapt again (even being part of the government in Novi Sad). It is generally difficult to fix a party's position on certain issues- since day-to-day politics demand flexibility. Thus the clear distinction as conservative-liberal-socialist does not really fit- since all parties are nationalistic- some more- some less. | Total |
Romania,360,"Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumanien, DFDR)",3,1,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,1,1,1, ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | As previously mentioned- these electoral alliances have been made prior to elections- and almost immediately after have been broken- so better would have been to address the questions at parties' level- not alliances- as noone perceives the alliances- but more the parties | I work in the NGO sector and through my work of over 15 years with political parties I also came to learn inside information about them- but I can not state that this is general or facts. I believe data should also be confronted with opinions from people from the party. | Total,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,3,3,3,0,  | All parties- b/c they lost most of their voters' basis- compete for the same voters: Roma and poor. Due to the legislation- the parties don't really have the option to promise or promote changes- other than legislative (ie there are no pre-electoral consultations with groups of citizens on their priorities- nor labor unions/businesses)- as it can be interpreted as traffic of influence. However- these elections (June 5th) have limited the votebuying- given electoral law changes. | Total |,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Political inclusion is limited to local dialogue- not national policies. We can even say it is a case-by-case 'inclusion'- and it seeks only short term or temporary solutions for the respective minorities- when we talk about the inclusion of the mainstream parties. When we talk about the minority political organizations (as none of the above are political parties)- they target more seriously their own ethnic groups- but with little follow up. The Hungarians are thebest and most consistent. | Total |, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,0,1,1,1,1, ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99, , , ,  | Discussion are not about policies- positions on major issues. the parties barely have programs when they run in elections and even if they do (USL) had they are very superficial - they just say more high ways but they never say where will they get the budget for it. Also- in the last years the liberals were more into social measures than the social democrats- while the social democrats started taking more stands on the rights of small businesses. | The parties (electoral alliances listed) were artificially created for the electoral period/elections in 2012. These alliances had a very short life- and especially USL- that was consisted of 2 parties (one social-democrat and the other right wing liberal)- were very different in opinions and views- even in the elections- the only common nominator was to beat the president's party- who formed ARD alongwith some smaller parties. There is no consistency in the policies (not even talking about ideolgoies)- the social democrats have made the most liberal fiscal code- per examp | Total
Bosnia-Herzegovina,346,"Democratic Front (Demokratska Fronta, DF)",3,3,2,2,0,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,2,2,2,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,4,4,1,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,2,1.73205080756888,1,2,2, ,2,1,1,0,1,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, 
Poland,290,"Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD)",4,1,1,1,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | Dear Sirs-  thank you for the invitation to the panel- I would like to stress that- questions that had been asked concern party politics areas- where we currently observe a dynamic changes.  Let me just turn your attention to two issues regarding the questionnaire and my answers:  - as the Mniejszość Niemiecka is not officially registered political party (they run in the 2015 general election as a voters' electoral commetee- as a national minority they did not need to pass the threshold of 5%) and- on the contrary to all other parties- is an example of a etho-regional party (ethnic based electorate based in just one region).  Therefore some of your questions and answers (i.e. level on which the candidates lists are formed) can be misleading or easily misinterpreted.    When the origin of parties is concerned- typically for the CEE countries- Polish parties were formed in top-to-bottom manner by the post-communist elites or splinter from the mainstream parties- but in case of PO - when the political organisation was started it at first- took a form of an association and turned into the political party after entering the Parliament in 2001- nevertheless the association was also started and run by the well-known politicians (Tusk- Płażyński etc.) so answering your question I sticked to the first option (elites).    I would like to mention that the Polish parties listed are 'set-in-stone'  in most of the areas you cover (i.e. the party internal democracy)- this is in contrast with several new but still minor agents/parties like Razem (Togheter party) or .Nowoczesna. | Inclusion of Mniejszosc niemiecka in the survey does not make much sense- because they have currenlty only one MP on the national level- their constituencies are only in a small part of the country and they are not a national political party (the MP stems from the fact- that ethnic minorities are exempt from the 5% threshold for parties in national elections) | Parties in Poland are not very rooted in the society. Their membership is low as well as their cooperation with the local communities. Even if they have some ties with business (like PO) or with religious groups (like PiS) I wouldn't name this ties as strong and very formal... In addition- the parties tend to have their youth branches- but I wouldn't named them as youth organisations. Mniejszość Niemiecka (MN) is operating mostly in one region (Opolskie Voivodeship).,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,-12,2.5,2.5,1.29099444873581,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.75,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,  | I would say that the modes of party competition in Poland are slightly different to the way you treat them in your questions. Parties in Poland rarely address to particular organised groups (maybe besides Unuions) - they rather try to address particular social groups with their programme (and on that I've based my answers). | Total |,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,0,0, , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,  | In general- Poland is very homogenous country (2nd in Europe after Malta) and issue of minorities is not the most important (only starting to be due to the European refugee crisis). But some political parties tend to create their own minorities to be oposed (see: PiS). | PiS addresses voters by stressing the partys preference for Polish voters- defining the nation in ethnic terms and excluding non-Poles. However- there is nowhere a clear definition of whom they include and whom not- so also the definition of exclusion is very vague. Exclusion is mainly based on the assessment of whether specific individuals or groups oppose the party platform. If they do- they are declared 'non-Polish'- no matter- whether they are or are not Polish citizens- of Polish origin etc. | Total,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,4,3.75,1.5,5,2.5,2.75,1.70782512765993,-12,4,4,.816496580927726,4,2,2.25,.5,2,2,2,1.75,.5,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,2.75,.5, 
Mozambique,541,"Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique, MDM)",2,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,5,5,1.4142135623731,4,4,4, ,4, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,3,3,0,3,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,2,2,2,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,  | Basically the party competition is very unbalanced because Frelimo controls the states apparatus and the country's economy in general. This allows it to be able to control resources which other parties are blocked from. | Total |,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,-99,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, ,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,-12, , , ,-99,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12, , , ,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731, 
Uganda,500,Democratic Party (DP),2,1,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,5,5,1.4142135623731,4,3,3,0,3, Parties still not yet mature in the way they are organised. | Whereas the parties are established by law and operate by clear rules- the practice is influenced by strong party leaders and national structures (elites). | Total |,3,3,3,0,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,4,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | Religious and ethnical dynamics play still a very important role. Monetization of politics is rampant. | Total |,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1,1,0,1,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,3,3, ,3,2,2,0,2,3,3, ,3,1,1,0,1,3,3,0,3,1,1,1,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,5, , 
Albania,339,"Democratic Party of Albania (Partia Demokratike e Shqiperise, PD)",5,3,1,1.4,.894427190999916,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,-99,3,2.6,.894427190999916,4,4,3.2,1.30384048104053,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  |  The Albanian political parties have very good statutes which indicate the functioning of the local and national level organization and functioning of the party’s itself in the case of DP- SP and LSI. PDIU and PBDNJ are parties which are mainly related to ethnical and human rights issues and give these two parties a better functioning in some districts of Albania. Still- in general the internal democracy of the political parties in Albania despite their statutes and organization structure is lacking in many cases. | Under Albanian law political parties must be national organized. The law prohibits ethnic and religious parties. Most parties do not apply to internal democracy in elections and decision-making- and most of them are identified by their chairmen/leader. Parties in Albania have less ideological and programmatic differences. Actually- a third of Members of Parliament are individuals from the business world- promoted by political parties due to their financing of electoral campaigns. The parties have strong influence in the public and the state- are the main source for political careers and appointments in the administration. | Total,2,2,2.8,1.09544511501033, , , ,-99,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,1,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | Despite the ideology of the  political parties we are describing- the ways and techniques they are using for competing in electoral campaign for local or general election and to mobilize their members its almost the same for the big parties (such as DP and SP). LSI is a new phenomenon in our country which approaches the membership with a direct approach of the party leader to its members. LSI since its funding as a party never faced a defeat of power which gives this party the status of government-building factor. Less can be said for PBDNJ or PDIU. | Total |,1,1,0,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | In the first category “Extent of exclusion” lacks variant 'no' or 'partially' to respond- so I responded with 'do not know' | Total |,3,3.4,1.14017542509914,3,3,2.2,1.09544511501033,3,4,3.4,1.51657508881031,4,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,2,3,3,1.82574185835055,-12,2,2,1.6,.547722557505166,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,3,3,3,.816496580927726,-12,2,2.2,.836660026534076,  | There is a huge difference between their papers and written positions and their real work. All parties in opposition are more democratically orientated- when they come to power they become more and more autocratic - now difference between left and right in general. Mostly very neo-liberal orientated. | When asked about immigration: Albania didn't have / doesn't have any debate on immigration issue- so the political parties have no clear position on this point | Total
Japan,740,"Democratic Party of Japan (Minshuto, DPJ)",1,3,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99,5,5, ,5,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , 
Kenya,501,Democratic Party of Kenya (DP),5,1,3,3,.707106781186548,1,1,1.6,1.34164078649987,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,2,2,2.25,.5,-99,1,1.8,1.09544511501033,4,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,5,4.25,2.3629078131263,6,4,3,1.4142135623731,4,  | Parties are ethnically based led by a tribal kingpin and are seen as vehicles to acquire power. They have no ideologies that they follow to the letter. | Political legislation and internal party rules and regulations in party organisation is adequate and often in continuous positive amendment since it is just about 6 years since promulgation of Constitution 2010. Parties have been caught in between new way of organisation and traditional methods  of disorganisation and change is a bit slow. However- there is goodwill from most political leaders to embrace change but still arm-twisting by traditional influential persons to party leaders is still present thus slowing change. | The choices provided limit ability to answer specific questions; I have chosed answers that best reflect. Open ended options or others category might help provide more specific and accurate answers,-12,2,2.2,.836660026534076,3,3.2,.447213595499958,3,-12,2,1.8,.836660026534076,1,2,2.25,1.5, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.2,1.30384048104053,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958, What is happening is that the voters are given bribes.  What happens is that the members of the National Assembly candidates during elections promise to deliver - if elected -  specifics to the citizens in the constituency in which the candidate is running. | In Kenya- ethnic block voting is used as a base for political negotiations both within the party as well as in coalitions. The higher the number of your ethnic block- the bigger your voice is in a party or coalition. | Parties do not overtly promise benefits- but there is tradition that development patterns- appointment to government are skewed reflecting support. So while there are no benefits- their is evident practise that voting for the winning party guarantees some additional benefits | Party competition is based on promises to deliver material benefits to the tribes represented by the party.,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,2,2, ,2,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,  | The main contest of exclusion is between TNA and ODM. TNA calls for free enterprise in wealth accumulation while ODM calls for redistribution of wealth. | Two points- while there are covert politics of inclusion- parties generally do not pursue politics of exclusion. This might be contradictory- since the aim is achieved if inclusion favours certain groups- but it relates more to the dangers and desire not to be seen as outrighlty pursuing exclusion.  The final result is normally the same anyway- that groups that are not included perceive themselves as excluded.    Note also that Democratic Party has over the years dwindled in support and activity- so | Total,1,2.33333333333333,2.3094010767585,1,2,2.66666666666667,2.08166599946613,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-12,5,5, ,5,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,2.2,1.09544511501033,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,5,5,4.2,1.30384048104053,  | There are just two types of policy positions; TNA for status quo and ODM for redistributive justice. The rest have no strong policy positions. | TNA and URP are new parties so its not possible to measure stability of positions. I would prefer not to answer the question on how close party position aligns to my position | Total
Moldova,359,"Democratic Party of Moldova (Partidul Democrat din Moldova, PDM)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,-99,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, ,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4, , , ,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0,5,5,4.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,  | Moldovan parties are not defined by values or even ideologies (socialist- communist) - or at least are not bound by these beliefs in their dealing with day to day politics. Therefore- it is almost impossible to deal with them in terms of left / right- interventionist or liberal. These categories do not matter in parties`s 'real life'. | Total |
Malawi,553,Democratic Progressive Party (DDP),3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,3.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,2,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,  | Malawian political parties are very fluid- with no set membership. Members often move from one party to another with regular frequency. | Parties in Malawi are simply loose collections of elites who use them predominantly as vehicles for grabbing state power. Political parties are not firmly rooted in society. Most of the parties suffer from the founders' syndrome characterized by protracted leadership succession struggles. | Total,3,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,3.33333333333333,2.08166599946613,1,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Most Malawian political parties have similar opportunistic ideologies. They thrive on promises of patronage. | Parties in Malawi draw their support primarily from regions or district that are considered as their strongholds. These are usually districts or regions where the majority of the party leadership comes from. Parties often form patronage relations with local leaders as well as religious leaders who come from their respective regions or districts. | Total,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | Party politics in Malawi is largely about electing one of your own to be the helm of government and therefore regulate the flow of patronage. | Total |,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,3,3, ,3,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,  | Last question is not applicable- not from this country. | Party positions on critical issues does not really matter in determining electoral chances of success. | Total
Colombia,100,Ebony Foundation of Colombia (Fundacion Ebano de Colombia),2,1,3,3, ,1,1,1, ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,3,3,3, ,-99,1,1, ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It's important to mention that 'Fundación Ebano de Colombia' is not a  formal political party- it is not recognize as such for the Colombian authorities due to a large judicial process they're facing. Yo can find the information from the General Attorney's Office here: http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/colombia/noticias/fiscalia-imputo-cargos-contra-representante-legal-de-funeco-por-inscripcion-irregular-de-candidatos-al-congreso/ | Total |  |,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0, , , , ,-99,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2, , , ,-99,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,5,5,5, , Basically there is no ideological difference in the first three parties. The fourth one (FUNECO) has traditionally been associated with cases of illegality. The last one (AICO) focuses practically on indigenous issues with a reduced impact on the national scene.  The selected parties  are not the most representative in terms of the political spectrum in Colombia- although the first three have the highest voting and the last two refer to minority groups | Total |  |
South Africa,560,Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF),2,1,2,2,0,1,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,5.5,5.5,2.12132034355964,4,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,1, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | The distinction here is between explicit exclusion (on one does that) and de facto or implicit exclusion - there is quite a bit of that. | Total |,5,5,0,5,5,5,0,5,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, On the question of national identity - South Africa is a curious instance given its particular history. The Theory of colonialism of a special type - characterised South Africa as a society in whicha  minority race- language and culture dominated the majority - economically- socially and politically. So inclusion in identity terms and on economic terms (such as policy for positive discrimination) are not about marginalising minorities but about redress and social justice | The problem with this part of the questionnaire is that what parties have in their manifesto and what high-ranking leaders of the same parties then say in public is often completely incompatible. The most schizophrenic here is the ANC - their manifesto will say one thing on- say immigration- their national minister another. You can have two national ministers pronouncing on a policy issue in mutually exclusive ways. There is complete policy incoherence and drift in practice- never mind what the manifesto says. | Total |
Tunisia,616,Ennahda (Hizbu Harakatu n-Nahdah),2,3,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,1,0,-99,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,4,1,1, ,1,  | Ennahda represents the most well organized party with clear internal rules and strong internal democracy.  Nidaa Tounes is an amalgamation of factions who gathered in the interest of displacing Ennahda from power and restoring a more traditional party with liberal values.  THey have no clear ideology aside from secularism and liberalism and suffer from internal divides and governance challenges. | Total |,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,3,3, ,3,4,4,4,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,2,2,2,0, ,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,4,4,4, , 
El Salvador,92,"Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional, FMLN)",1,2,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , 
Turkey,640,"Felicity Party (Saadet Partisi, SP)",4,3,1.5,1.75,.957427107756338,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5, , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1.5,1.75,.957427107756338,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | A question to sponsors of this survey:  why is the People's Democratic Party (HDP) not included in this survey? | General remark: I wonder why you did nor include HDP which constitutes the 3. important parliamentary group. | Total,2,2,2,.816496580927726, , , ,-99,-12,2,2,1,3,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,.25,.5,-12,2,2,1.15470053837925,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,  | Concerning the 'party leader' issue- I indicated my opinion while supposing the AKP's 'effective' leader is Erdogan- the prewsident of the republic. In case you mean the 'formal leader'- he mobilizes the electoral support 'to a small extent'. | Exchanges are generally not done through non-party organs | Total,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,-12,2,2,1.15470053837925,3,3,2.5,1,  | Concerning the question about Political Inclusion III- I indicated by mistake 'wealthy voters' as one of the attracted groups for SP and it was impossible to delete afterwards. Please do not take this indication into consideration. | I am confident of my answers however the phrasing of questions made answering questions very difficult.  Most parties in Turkey are not about excluding per se but consolidating among certain groups.  Moreover religious and ethnic groups in Turkey do not vote in blocks. | Total,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,3,3, ,3,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,1,1,1,0,-12,2,2,1.15470053837925,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Recarding the question about Taxes vs Social Policy it was impossible to indicate a cleatr position for AKP- since its policy is very variable in this respect (high taxes on petroleum- minimal tax on jewelry...) | Total |
Uganda,500,Forum for Democratic Change (FDC),2,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,2,4,4,0,4, Parties still not yet mature in the way they are organised. | Whereas the parties are established by law and operate by clear rules- the practice is influenced by strong party leaders and national structures (elites). | Total |,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | Religious and ethnical dynamics play still a very important role. Monetization of politics is rampant. | Total |,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , , , , ,1,1,0,1,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,0,3,1,1,0,1,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,5, , 
Tunisia,616,"Free Patriotic Union (el-Itihad el-Watani el-Hurr, UPL)",2,1,2,2,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,6.5,6.5,.707106781186548,6,2,2,0,2,  | Ennahda represents the most well organized party with clear internal rules and strong internal democracy.  Nidaa Tounes is an amalgamation of factions who gathered in the interest of displacing Ennahda from power and restoring a more traditional party with liberal values.  THey have no clear ideology aside from secularism and liberalism and suffer from internal divides and governance challenges. | Total |,2,2,2,0,3,3, ,3,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,2,2,2,0, ,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,1,1, ,1, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-99, , , , 
Egypt,651,Freedom and Justice Party (Hizb al-Hurriya Wal-Adala),2,3,4,4, ,-99, , , , , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | It is very important to note that the Freedom & Justice Party is outlawed in Egypt because of the regime's crackdown on the Muslimbrotherhood- of which FJP was the political arm. Therefore- no answers on that party possible. | Total |,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,4,4,4, , , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3,0, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3, ,3,3,3,0, ,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,5,5,5, , 
South Africa,560,"Freedom Front Plus (Vryheidsfront Plus, VF+)",2,1,2,2, ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,7,7,0,7,2,2,1.4142135623731,1, ,3,3,3,0,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | The distinction here is between explicit exclusion (on one does that) and de facto or implicit exclusion - there is quite a bit of that. | Total |,3,3,0,3,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, On the question of national identity - South Africa is a curious instance given its particular history. The Theory of colonialism of a special type - characterised South Africa as a society in whicha  minority race- language and culture dominated the majority - economically- socially and politically. So inclusion in identity terms and on economic terms (such as policy for positive discrimination) are not about marginalising minorities but about redress and social justice | The problem with this part of the questionnaire is that what parties have in their manifesto and what high-ranking leaders of the same parties then say in public is often completely incompatible. The most schizophrenic here is the ANC - their manifesto will say one thing on- say immigration- their national minister another. You can have two national ministers pronouncing on a policy issue in mutually exclusive ways. There is complete policy incoherence and drift in practice- never mind what the manifesto says. | Total |
Argentina,160,"Front for Victory (Frente Para la Victoria, FPV)",2,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, Partido Justicialista has many other branches: not only FpV y FR | Son organizaciones armadas para procesos electorales. | Total |,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,  | Está generalizado el clientelismo. | Total |,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,0,3,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,  | Los partidos mayoritarios defienden el stsatu quo | Total |
Indonesia,850,Functional Group Party (Golkar),3,1,1,1,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The phenomenon of acclamation in electing a chairman of the political are happening in Indonesia. The grassroot participation tends to be neglect on the process. The political parties run only by elits of the parties.     The merits system is replaced by transactional in recruiting the parties' leadership and public officer candidates nominated by parties. | You might also include the party Nasdem in your analysis. | Total,-12,2,2.33333333333333,1.52752523165195, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,4,4,4,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,3,1.73205080756888, ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195, ,5,5,0,5,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,2,2.33333333333333,1.52752523165195,-12,1,1, ,1,1,1,1,0,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, 
Poland,290,"German Minority (Mniejszosc Niemiecka, MN)",4,3,2,2,0,3,3,3, ,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,2,2,2,0,-99,3,2.75,.5,3,3,2.75,.5,3,3,3.25,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | Dear Sirs-  thank you for the invitation to the panel- I would like to stress that- questions that had been asked concern party politics areas- where we currently observe a dynamic changes.  Let me just turn your attention to two issues regarding the questionnaire and my answers:  - as the Mniejszość Niemiecka is not officially registered political party (they run in the 2015 general election as a voters' electoral commetee- as a national minority they did not need to pass the threshold of 5%) and- on the contrary to all other parties- is an example of a etho-regional party (ethnic based electorate based in just one region).  Therefore some of your questions and answers (i.e. level on which the candidates lists are formed) can be misleading or easily misinterpreted.    When the origin of parties is concerned- typically for the CEE countries- Polish parties were formed in top-to-bottom manner by the post-communist elites or splinter from the mainstream parties- but in case of PO - when the political organisation was started it at first- took a form of an association and turned into the political party after entering the Parliament in 2001- nevertheless the association was also started and run by the well-known politicians (Tusk- Płażyński etc.) so answering your question I sticked to the first option (elites).    I would like to mention that the Polish parties listed are 'set-in-stone'  in most of the areas you cover (i.e. the party internal democracy)- this is in contrast with several new but still minor agents/parties like Razem (Togheter party) or .Nowoczesna. | Inclusion of Mniejszosc niemiecka in the survey does not make much sense- because they have currenlty only one MP on the national level- their constituencies are only in a small part of the country and they are not a national political party (the MP stems from the fact- that ethnic minorities are exempt from the 5% threshold for parties in national elections) | Parties in Poland are not very rooted in the society. Their membership is low as well as their cooperation with the local communities. Even if they have some ties with business (like PO) or with religious groups (like PiS) I wouldn't name this ties as strong and very formal... In addition- the parties tend to have their youth branches- but I wouldn't named them as youth organisations. Mniejszość Niemiecka (MN) is operating mostly in one region (Opolskie Voivodeship).,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964, , , ,-99,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,  | I would say that the modes of party competition in Poland are slightly different to the way you treat them in your questions. Parties in Poland rarely address to particular organised groups (maybe besides Unuions) - they rather try to address particular social groups with their programme (and on that I've based my answers). | Total |,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,  | In general- Poland is very homogenous country (2nd in Europe after Malta) and issue of minorities is not the most important (only starting to be due to the European refugee crisis). But some political parties tend to create their own minorities to be oposed (see: PiS). | PiS addresses voters by stressing the partys preference for Polish voters- defining the nation in ethnic terms and excluding non-Poles. However- there is nowhere a clear definition of whom they include and whom not- so also the definition of exclusion is very vague. Exclusion is mainly based on the assessment of whether specific individuals or groups oppose the party platform. If they do- they are declared 'non-Polish'- no matter- whether they are or are not Polish citizens- of Polish origin etc. | Total, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,2,2, ,2,1,1.25,.5,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,4,3.66666666666667,1.52752523165195, 
El Salvador,92,"Grand Alliance for National Unity (Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional, GANA)",1,1,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , 
Indonesia,850,Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerinda),3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The phenomenon of acclamation in electing a chairman of the political are happening in Indonesia. The grassroot participation tends to be neglect on the process. The political parties run only by elits of the parties.     The merits system is replaced by transactional in recruiting the parties' leadership and public officer candidates nominated by parties. | You might also include the party Nasdem in your analysis. | Total,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,4,4,3,1.73205080756888, ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195, ,5,5,0,5,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,2,2.33333333333333,1.52752523165195,-12,1,1, ,1,1,1,1,0,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626, 
Turkey,640,"Great Unity Party (Buyuk Birlik Partisi, BBP)",4,3,2,2,.816496580927726,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5, , , ,1,.75,.5,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,3,3,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | A question to sponsors of this survey:  why is the People's Democratic Party (HDP) not included in this survey? | General remark: I wonder why you did nor include HDP which constitutes the 3. important parliamentary group. | Total,2,2,1.75,.5, , , ,-99,-12,2,2,1,3,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1.5,1.75,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,  | Concerning the 'party leader' issue- I indicated my opinion while supposing the AKP's 'effective' leader is Erdogan- the prewsident of the republic. In case you mean the 'formal leader'- he mobilizes the electoral support 'to a small extent'. | Exchanges are generally not done through non-party organs | Total,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,2,2, ,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5, , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,-12,2,2,1.15470053837925,3,3,2.5,1,  | Concerning the question about Political Inclusion III- I indicated by mistake 'wealthy voters' as one of the attracted groups for SP and it was impossible to delete afterwards. Please do not take this indication into consideration. | I am confident of my answers however the phrasing of questions made answering questions very difficult.  Most parties in Turkey are not about excluding per se but consolidating among certain groups.  Moreover religious and ethnic groups in Turkey do not vote in blocks. | Total,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,4,4, ,4,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4, ,4,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,1,1,1,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,5,0,  | Recarding the question about Taxes vs Social Policy it was impossible to indicate a cleatr position for AKP- since its policy is very variable in this respect (high taxes on petroleum- minimal tax on jewelry...) | Total |
Guatemala,90,"Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca, URNG-MAIZ)",5,-12,2,2.4,.547722557505166,-12,2,2.6,1.34164078649987,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,2,2.2,.836660026534076,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It is a system designed by the political parties elitas to dominate from the political FUNDING - for the preservation of power and privilege- not a - representative nor democratic - inclusive system in its relations with society | The political parties in Guatemala are most like an network of interest and political influence; they are not like a real political party. Usually- are conducted by the strong personality and decisions  of who are in the top of the organization.   Lider is the example of that concentred power: most of the middle structures of the party are just decorative. UNE- WINAQ and EG- for its political ideology (left)- they have a more leveles of democratization and conection with the regional and local level- However- the lack of financial resources are key for its weak territorial structure. | The political parties in Guatemala have a little institutionalization and high grade of fragmentation. All opinions given are based on this structural reality. | There's little difference in the practices of political parties- despite of their size or ideology (most of them could be defined as centre-left). There's a small committee- called Asamblea Nacional- that makes most decisions. Decisions are often vertical and exclusive. Parties are in most cases- just a vehicle to power.,3,3,2.6,.547722557505166, , , ,-99,2,2,2.4,.547722557505166,-12,2,2,1.22474487139159,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, Encuentro por Guatemala and Winaq-URNG are small parties- whith little economic resources. Because of that- they're not as attractive to local leaders- as stronger and bigger parties- with lot of resources. That's why they rarely attract charismatic or strong leaders to be candidates- and also why they have less power or credibility to offer benefits in exchange of votes. | It is based on clientelism one Incentives through social programs and incentive-based system: Sectoral benefits to gain support for what the ideological / programmatic theme is a minor issue | No comments | The political parties in Guatemala are an MOST like the model of catch- all party - developed by Otto Kirchheimer . In some occasion- however - like Lider in the last electoral competition - they returned to the old scheme of oposition poor versus rich that are tipical of marxist doctrine of class struggle,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-12,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159, He is not designed to be inclusive system is based on the formalism of formal democracy system - and does not generate spaces brokerage and discussion with marginalized groups who are indigenous peoples- women and especially youth by high demographic bonus from the country. | Indigenous people are usually rural and poor- so parties often adress them as a whole. LIDER and UNE where specially strong among these sectors- but they also made strong efforts to attract urban and middle income voters- because they weren't too popular among them. | There are no explicit exclusion approaches- but if implicit forms- such as the invisibility of ethnic differences is typical of most of the Guatemala´s parties. | Total,5,5,0,5,5,5,0,5,4,3.75,1.5,5,3,3,1.82574185835055,-12,1,1.4,.547722557505166,1,1,1,1,0,-12,3,2.8,.836660026534076,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,3,3,3,.707106781186548,   For is a post conflict country based on the Cold War - the political culture of debate of ideas has been a root problem - given that position politically and anti hegemonically is seen evil has permeated the party system not positioned in front to oligarchic political or external design | Most of the answers are based on my perception of the parties policies. Since electoral campaigns aim to promote candidates- political parties rarely have a detailed program- or are explicit with policies. | The ideological profile are diffuse- with few exceptions as UNE or URNG/Winaq. | Total
Chile,155,"Independent Democratic Union (Union Democrata Independiente, UDI)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, En general- sobre los partidos consultados- todos tienden a tener estructuras internas muy oligarquizadas y con procedimientos internos poco claros. | Total |  |,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, ,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,5,5,0,5,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, 
India,750,Indian National Congress (INC),1,3,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,2,2, ,2,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,3,3, ,3,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , 
Colombia,100,"Indigenous Authorities of Colombia (Autoridades Indigenas de Colombia, AIC)",2,-12,2,2, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It's important to mention that 'Fundación Ebano de Colombia' is not a  formal political party- it is not recognize as such for the Colombian authorities due to a large judicial process they're facing. Yo can find the information from the General Attorney's Office here: http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/colombia/noticias/fiscalia-imputo-cargos-contra-representante-legal-de-funeco-por-inscripcion-irregular-de-candidatos-al-congreso/ | Total |  |,1,1,1, , , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,1, ,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0, ,5,5,0,5,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731, Basically there is no ideological difference in the first three parties. The fourth one (FUNECO) has traditionally been associated with cases of illegality. The last one (AICO) focuses practically on indigenous issues with a reduced impact on the national scene.  The selected parties  are not the most representative in terms of the political spectrum in Colombia- although the first three have the highest voting and the last two refer to minority groups | Total |  |
Indonesia,850,"Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan, PDI-P)",3,3,1,1,0,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,3,3,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The phenomenon of acclamation in electing a chairman of the political are happening in Indonesia. The grassroot participation tends to be neglect on the process. The political parties run only by elits of the parties.     The merits system is replaced by transactional in recruiting the parties' leadership and public officer candidates nominated by parties. | You might also include the party Nasdem in your analysis. | Total,-12,3,3,1, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,3,1.73205080756888, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195, ,5,5,0,5,5,5,0,5,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,2,2.33333333333333,1.52752523165195,-12,1,1,0,1,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,-12,2,2.33333333333333,1.52752523165195, 
South Africa,560,Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP),2,1,2,2,0,1,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,6.5,6.5,.707106781186548,6,2,2,1.4142135623731,1, ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3.5,3.5,3.53553390593274,1,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | The distinction here is between explicit exclusion (on one does that) and de facto or implicit exclusion - there is quite a bit of that. | Total |,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,0,4,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731, On the question of national identity - South Africa is a curious instance given its particular history. The Theory of colonialism of a special type - characterised South Africa as a society in whicha  minority race- language and culture dominated the majority - economically- socially and politically. So inclusion in identity terms and on economic terms (such as policy for positive discrimination) are not about marginalising minorities but about redress and social justice | The problem with this part of the questionnaire is that what parties have in their manifesto and what high-ranking leaders of the same parties then say in public is often completely incompatible. The most schizophrenic here is the ANC - their manifesto will say one thing on- say immigration- their national minister another. You can have two national ministers pronouncing on a policy issue in mutually exclusive ways. There is complete policy incoherence and drift in practice- never mind what the manifesto says. | Total |
Turkey,640,"Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AKP)",4,-12,1,1,0,1,1,1.25,.5,1,.75,.5,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,4,4,3.25,1.5,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | A question to sponsors of this survey:  why is the People's Democratic Party (HDP) not included in this survey? | General remark: I wonder why you did nor include HDP which constitutes the 3. important parliamentary group. | Total,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.75,.5,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.25,1.5,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,  | Concerning the 'party leader' issue- I indicated my opinion while supposing the AKP's 'effective' leader is Erdogan- the prewsident of the republic. In case you mean the 'formal leader'- he mobilizes the electoral support 'to a small extent'. | Exchanges are generally not done through non-party organs | Total,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5, , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,3,3,2.5,1,  | Concerning the question about Political Inclusion III- I indicated by mistake 'wealthy voters' as one of the attracted groups for SP and it was impossible to delete afterwards. Please do not take this indication into consideration. | I am confident of my answers however the phrasing of questions made answering questions very difficult.  Most parties in Turkey are not about excluding per se but consolidating among certain groups.  Moreover religious and ethnic groups in Turkey do not vote in blocks. | Total,3,3,1.82574185835055,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,4,4,3.25,1.5,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,5,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,  | Recarding the question about Taxes vs Social Policy it was impossible to indicate a cleatr position for AKP- since its policy is very variable in this respect (high taxes on petroleum- minimal tax on jewelry...) | Total |
Japan,740,Komeito (NKP),1,3,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , 
Poland,290,"Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc, PiS)",4,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-99,1,1.5,1,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | Dear Sirs-  thank you for the invitation to the panel- I would like to stress that- questions that had been asked concern party politics areas- where we currently observe a dynamic changes.  Let me just turn your attention to two issues regarding the questionnaire and my answers:  - as the Mniejszość Niemiecka is not officially registered political party (they run in the 2015 general election as a voters' electoral commetee- as a national minority they did not need to pass the threshold of 5%) and- on the contrary to all other parties- is an example of a etho-regional party (ethnic based electorate based in just one region).  Therefore some of your questions and answers (i.e. level on which the candidates lists are formed) can be misleading or easily misinterpreted.    When the origin of parties is concerned- typically for the CEE countries- Polish parties were formed in top-to-bottom manner by the post-communist elites or splinter from the mainstream parties- but in case of PO - when the political organisation was started it at first- took a form of an association and turned into the political party after entering the Parliament in 2001- nevertheless the association was also started and run by the well-known politicians (Tusk- Płażyński etc.) so answering your question I sticked to the first option (elites).    I would like to mention that the Polish parties listed are 'set-in-stone'  in most of the areas you cover (i.e. the party internal democracy)- this is in contrast with several new but still minor agents/parties like Razem (Togheter party) or .Nowoczesna. | Inclusion of Mniejszosc niemiecka in the survey does not make much sense- because they have currenlty only one MP on the national level- their constituencies are only in a small part of the country and they are not a national political party (the MP stems from the fact- that ethnic minorities are exempt from the 5% threshold for parties in national elections) | Parties in Poland are not very rooted in the society. Their membership is low as well as their cooperation with the local communities. Even if they have some ties with business (like PO) or with religious groups (like PiS) I wouldn't name this ties as strong and very formal... In addition- the parties tend to have their youth branches- but I wouldn't named them as youth organisations. Mniejszość Niemiecka (MN) is operating mostly in one region (Opolskie Voivodeship).,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.75,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,  | I would say that the modes of party competition in Poland are slightly different to the way you treat them in your questions. Parties in Poland rarely address to particular organised groups (maybe besides Unuions) - they rather try to address particular social groups with their programme (and on that I've based my answers). | Total |,1,1,0,0,.25,.5,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0, , , ,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,  | In general- Poland is very homogenous country (2nd in Europe after Malta) and issue of minorities is not the most important (only starting to be due to the European refugee crisis). But some political parties tend to create their own minorities to be oposed (see: PiS). | PiS addresses voters by stressing the partys preference for Polish voters- defining the nation in ethnic terms and excluding non-Poles. However- there is nowhere a clear definition of whom they include and whom not- so also the definition of exclusion is very vague. Exclusion is mainly based on the assessment of whether specific individuals or groups oppose the party platform. If they do- they are declared 'non-Polish'- no matter- whether they are or are not Polish citizens- of Polish origin etc. | Total,5,4.75,.5,5,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,4,5,4.75,.5,5, , , ,-99,5,5,0,5,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626, 
Japan,740,"Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Jiyu-Minshuto, LDP)",1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1, , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , 
Moldova,359,"Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova (Partidul Liberal Democrat din Moldova, PLDM)",3,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,2,1.73205080756888,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, ,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,2, , , ,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,  | Moldovan parties are not defined by values or even ideologies (socialist- communist) - or at least are not bound by these beliefs in their dealing with day to day politics. Therefore- it is almost impossible to deal with them in terms of left / right- interventionist or liberal. These categories do not matter in parties`s 'real life'. | Total |
Moldova,359,"Liberal Party (Partidul Liberal, PL)",3,1,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,2,2, ,2,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, ,3,3,1,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,3.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12, , , ,-99,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,5,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Moldovan parties are not defined by values or even ideologies (socialist- communist) - or at least are not bound by these beliefs in their dealing with day to day politics. Therefore- it is almost impossible to deal with them in terms of left / right- interventionist or liberal. These categories do not matter in parties`s 'real life'. | Total |
Philippines,840,Liberal Party of the Philippines (Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas),1,3,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, We do not have grassroots-based- broadly-participatory political parties but only caricatures of a political party which are basically vehicles for political elite families. |  |  |,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , There is the built-in advantage of an incumbent candidate or party in using public resources for the campaign. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , Since there is the dominance of political elite families within the parties- the poor are effectively excluded from political decision-making. |  |  |,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , These political parties all espouse in practice the interests of the political and economic elite- differing only in degrees in conservatism or liberalism from each other. |  |  |
Malawi,553,Malawi Congress Party (MCP),3,1,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,3,3,1,2,  | Malawian political parties are very fluid- with no set membership. Members often move from one party to another with regular frequency. | Parties in Malawi are simply loose collections of elites who use them predominantly as vehicles for grabbing state power. Political parties are not firmly rooted in society. Most of the parties suffer from the founders' syndrome characterized by protracted leadership succession struggles. | Total,-12,2,2,1,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Most Malawian political parties have similar opportunistic ideologies. They thrive on promises of patronage. | Parties in Malawi draw their support primarily from regions or district that are considered as their strongholds. These are usually districts or regions where the majority of the party leadership comes from. Parties often form patronage relations with local leaders as well as religious leaders who come from their respective regions or districts. | Total,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | Party politics in Malawi is largely about electing one of your own to be the helm of government and therefore regulate the flow of patronage. | Total |,5,3.66666666666667,2.3094010767585,5,5,5, ,5,5,5,0,5, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,  | Last question is not applicable- not from this country. | Party positions on critical issues does not really matter in determining electoral chances of success. | Total
Malaysia,820,"Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Malaysia, MCA)",1,-99, , , ,-99, , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,-99, , , , , , ,-99,-99, , , ,-99, , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,-99, , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,1,1,1, , 
Malaysia,820,"Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia, PAS)",1,3, , , ,-99, , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,-99, , , ,-99,3,3, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,-99, , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,2,2, ,2,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5,-99, , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , 
New Zealand,920,Maori Party,2,3,3,3, ,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-99,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | There has been flux over time in the linkages (explicit or informal) between the political parties and organizations. EG. NZ National Party has much stronger (but still informal- personalised) linkages with ethnic organizations now than even 5-10 years ago. | Total |,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,2,2,2,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,1, ,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,4,4, ,4,4,4,0,4,3,3,0,3,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, 
Zimbabwe,552,Movement for Democratic Change Ncube (MDC-N),1,3,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,5,5, ,5,4,4, ,4, Parties are organised around their leaders- as such all organisation activities will reflect the wills of its leadership. Party policies exist party they are not respected or adhered to especially by the ruling party. |  |  |,4,4,4, ,3,3, ,3,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , The ruling party ZANU PF is the one which brazenly will use 'state resources' to mobilise voters eg through targeted relief food distribution. ZANU PF mainly uses government structures as exchange mechanism.  The opposition parties struggle to do this due to limited resources. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , Political exclusion is something normally hidden in parties- it is undocumented but is observable when the parties campaign or implement their activities. There are instances where ethnic and religious groups are included in a 'token manner' yet the particular party intends to sideline and alienate them |  |  |,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , -99 |  |  |
Zimbabwe,552,Movement for Democratic Change Zimbabwe Tsvangirai (MDC-T),1,3,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,5,5, ,5,4,4, ,4, Parties are organised around their leaders- as such all organisation activities will reflect the wills of its leadership. Party policies exist party they are not respected or adhered to especially by the ruling party. |  |  |,4,4,4, ,5,5, ,5,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , The ruling party ZANU PF is the one which brazenly will use 'state resources' to mobilise voters eg through targeted relief food distribution. ZANU PF mainly uses government structures as exchange mechanism.  The opposition parties struggle to do this due to limited resources. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , Political exclusion is something normally hidden in parties- it is undocumented but is observable when the parties campaign or implement their activities. There are instances where ethnic and religious groups are included in a 'token manner' yet the particular party intends to sideline and alienate them |  |  |,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, ,1,1,1, , -99 |  |  |
Zambia,551,Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD),1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,6,6, ,6,1,1, ,1, Party Organisation in Zambia is affected by the unfair Public Order Act applied by the ruling party through state agencies such as the police. |  |  |,2,2,2, ,4,4, ,4,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , MMD only fielded about two parliamentary candidates and has been split into two factions. One faction led by Felix Mutati will support PF while the Nevers Mumba faction will support UPND in the August 11- 2016 general elections. |  |  |,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , MMD is almost a dead party! |  |  |,1,1, ,1, , , ,-99,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,1,1,1, , The PF campaign message in 2011 was premised on 'lower taxes' and 'more money in peoples pockets'. These to date have not been achieved. Instead- Zambia is experiencing a high cost of living impacted by a high inflation rate and high taxes. |  |  |
Bolivia,145,"Movement for Socialism (Movimiento Al Socialismo, MAS-ISPS)",4,2,1,1,0,1,1,1.75,1.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1.5,1,-99,2,2,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, The success of MAS brought a deep change of elites to the countries. Some of the old elites assembles in UD and PC - but the traditional party systems is destroyed and no signs of recovery. PC ist just the legal register- it has no structure- membership. Quiroga used the registracion mark to candidate- the party itself is without any proper strcuture/membershup-live. UD survives because of aliances - which might be her anvabtage at a given moment when MAS ist loosing atractivness. But just beacuase of these aliances UD provided a certain national presence - it mainly a political project of Samuel Medina. The only party (better movement) with national presence- internal structures and a proper membership. The structure is marked by the membership-organisationes- not by individual members. The makes decisionmaking inside MAS a permanet power game- but limits aswell the governing leadership. Yes- Morales is a tipical 'caudillo' but still controled by the basis organisations. | Total |  |,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,3.75,.5, Its dificult to present a categorie 'religious/ethnica organisations' together: the strong social indigenous and farmer movements a the basis of MAS and the social structure and therefore extremely important and supported by MAS and suposingly other parties too. Relgious (church) ist mainly irrelevant in the power structure of the country and therefore irrelevant to support | Total |  |,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338, No party excludes anybody explicity- all try to atracts votes from all sectors. | Total |  |,5,5,0,5,3,2.75,1.5,4,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.25,2.06155281280883,5,1,1,1.25,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,4,0,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338, I based my judgement on the acion/prononciacions from party representatives - not on the written prpgram which might differ. Eventhough UD presents himself as a conservative- bourgois party- the 'procewso de cambio' has established some new features in Bolivia which no party can deny: No neoliberalism in economics- a responsable state- ackowldegemente of the indigenous people- nacionalist- fight for access to the sea etc.. In these aspects- exists a consens in society to which the political parties contribute knowing that contradicting these- there will not gaian any vote. | Total |  |
Uruguay,165,"Movement of Popular Participation (Movimiento de Participacion Popular, MPP)",2,3,3,3,1.4142135623731,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,0, , , , , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The very popular MPP is strongly linked with it`s leader José Mujica (ex president). I really don´t imagine this movement without Mujica. Partido Nacional is celebrating 180 years of existance this 2016. It has many 'local leaders' (Intendentes) and it has a strong sense of belonging- the challenge is to grow outside of it`s borders. Partido Colorado is facing a critical situation. Only leaders- very unpopular. | Total |,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,5,5,0,5,3,3, ,3,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,5,5,5, ,  | MPP is made up of many  movements- including voters of Partido Nacional and Partido Colorado. It is a catch all movement- strongly positioned symbollicaly as the 'anarchic protector shield of the poor pepople'. It has a populist speech. Partido Nacional is a liberal political party- with some conservative positions- but with a very clear speech on freedom and democracy and the respect of the law. Partido Colorado is the party that ruled in Uruguay and controlled the state during the XX century. | Total |
Bolivia,145,"Movement Without Fear (Movimiento Sin Miedo, MSM)",4,3,3,3,0,-12,2,2,1,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, The success of MAS brought a deep change of elites to the countries. Some of the old elites assembles in UD and PC - but the traditional party systems is destroyed and no signs of recovery. PC ist just the legal register- it has no structure- membership. Quiroga used the registracion mark to candidate- the party itself is without any proper strcuture/membershup-live. UD survives because of aliances - which might be her anvabtage at a given moment when MAS ist loosing atractivness. But just beacuase of these aliances UD provided a certain national presence - it mainly a political project of Samuel Medina. The only party (better movement) with national presence- internal structures and a proper membership. The structure is marked by the membership-organisationes- not by individual members. The makes decisionmaking inside MAS a permanet power game- but limits aswell the governing leadership. Yes- Morales is a tipical 'caudillo' but still controled by the basis organisations. | Total |  |,1,1,1.25,.5, , , ,-99,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.75,.5, Its dificult to present a categorie 'religious/ethnica organisations' together: the strong social indigenous and farmer movements a the basis of MAS and the social structure and therefore extremely important and supported by MAS and suposingly other parties too. Relgious (church) ist mainly irrelevant in the power structure of the country and therefore irrelevant to support | Total |  |,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338, No party excludes anybody explicity- all try to atracts votes from all sectors. | Total |  |,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,2, ,2,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, I based my judgement on the acion/prononciacions from party representatives - not on the written prpgram which might differ. Eventhough UD presents himself as a conservative- bourgois party- the 'procewso de cambio' has established some new features in Bolivia which no party can deny: No neoliberalism in economics- a responsable state- ackowldegemente of the indigenous people- nacionalist- fight for access to the sea etc.. In these aspects- exists a consens in society to which the political parties contribute knowing that contradicting these- there will not gaian any vote. | Total |  |
Mozambique,541,"Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana, RENAMO)",2,3,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,3,3,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,6.5,6.5,.707106781186548,6,2,2,0,2, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,3,3,0,3,4,4,4,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,  | Basically the party competition is very unbalanced because Frelimo controls the states apparatus and the country's economy in general. This allows it to be able to control resources which other parties are blocked from. | Total |,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, ,1,1, ,1, , , ,-99,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12, , , ,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548, 
Mozambique,541,"Mozambique Liberation Front (Frente de Libertacao de Mocambique, FRELIMO)",2,3,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,1,0,-99,3,3,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,1,1,0,1, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,3,3,0,3,4,4,4,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,1,1,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,  | Basically the party competition is very unbalanced because Frelimo controls the states apparatus and the country's economy in general. This allows it to be able to control resources which other parties are blocked from. | Total |,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, ,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,5,5,0,5,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,-12,1,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731, 
Philippines,840,Nacionalista Party (Partido Nacionalista),1,3,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, We do not have grassroots-based- broadly-participatory political parties but only caricatures of a political party which are basically vehicles for political elite families. |  |  |,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , There is the built-in advantage of an incumbent candidate or party in using public resources for the campaign. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , Since there is the dominance of political elite families within the parties- the poor are effectively excluded from political decision-making. |  |  |,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , These political parties all espouse in practice the interests of the political and economic elite- differing only in degrees in conservatism or liberalism from each other. |  |  |
Indonesia,850,National Awakening Party (PKB),3,3,1,1,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,-99,3,3,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The phenomenon of acclamation in electing a chairman of the political are happening in Indonesia. The grassroot participation tends to be neglect on the process. The political parties run only by elits of the parties.     The merits system is replaced by transactional in recruiting the parties' leadership and public officer candidates nominated by parties. | You might also include the party Nasdem in your analysis. | Total,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,4,3,1.73205080756888, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195, ,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,5,5,0,5,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,2,2,1,-12,1,1, ,1,1,1,1,0,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,-12,3,3,1, 
Myanmar,775,National League for Democracy,4,3,1,1.25,.5,1,1,1.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,1,1.25,.5,-99,3,3,0,-12,2.5,2.5,1.29099444873581,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | All parties work very centralised- especially NLD.  How adaptable is this to a federal system that is demanded by the ethnic nationalities? | Party organization across the various is still quite week and based on personality vs any real ideology. | There is a general tendency for parties to have one or a few dominant personalities and lesser levels of institutionalization especially during normal times. Party disciplie is also quite tightly controlled and clientelism is not uncommon.,4,3,2.75,1.5, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925, , , ,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3,.816496580927726,  | Ethnically based parties like SNLD and ANP will naturally target ascriptive groups since that is the nature of their agenda. Broader and larger parties tend to seek wider appeal although the USDP has linkages to Buddhist groups. | In the run-up to the 2015 elections USDP talked more about concrete issues/policies more than any other party. | Total,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5, , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | There is general anti-Muslim sentiment in the country and very strongly expressed in Rakhine state that regards itself subjected to the vagaries of illegal migration from Bangladesh. The NLD tries to covertly go along with this national sentiment for fear of losing the Buddhist vote. And the SNLD has bee furious with the plasticity of the Wa region and state that grows southwards into the traditional Shan areas. | Total |,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,5,5,0,5,3,3.25,1.25830573921179,3,4,3.75,1.25830573921179,4,1.5,2.25,1.89296944860009,1,1,1,1,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,2,3.5,3,1.732051,  | Parties in Burma really do not have  policy positions but rather support vague concepts for example rule of law- or democracy. | The survey should try and capture the differences between the national and regional levels to nuance the findings. So for example- the position of the ANP and the SNLD with regard to minorities is reflective of regional identities rather than the national one. | Total
Indonesia,850,National Mandate Party (PAN),3,1,1,1,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The phenomenon of acclamation in electing a chairman of the political are happening in Indonesia. The grassroot participation tends to be neglect on the process. The political parties run only by elits of the parties.     The merits system is replaced by transactional in recruiting the parties' leadership and public officer candidates nominated by parties. | You might also include the party Nasdem in your analysis. | Total,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,4,3,1.73205080756888, ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195, ,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,2,2,1,-12,2,2, ,2,1,1,1,0,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,-12,3,3,1, 
Uruguay,165,"National Party (Partido Nacional, PN)",2,3,3,3,1.4142135623731,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , ,1,1,0, , , ,1,1,0, , , , , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | The very popular MPP is strongly linked with it`s leader José Mujica (ex president). I really don´t imagine this movement without Mujica. Partido Nacional is celebrating 180 years of existance this 2016. It has many 'local leaders' (Intendentes) and it has a strong sense of belonging- the challenge is to grow outside of it`s borders. Partido Colorado is facing a critical situation. Only leaders- very unpopular. | Total |,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1, , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,1,0, , , ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,0,3,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,2,2,2, ,  | MPP is made up of many  movements- including voters of Partido Nacional and Partido Colorado. It is a catch all movement- strongly positioned symbollicaly as the 'anarchic protector shield of the poor pepople'. It has a populist speech. Partido Nacional is a liberal political party- with some conservative positions- but with a very clear speech on freedom and democracy and the respect of the law. Partido Colorado is the party that ruled in Uruguay and controlled the state during the XX century. | Total |
Chile,155,"National Renewal (Renovacion Nacional, RN)",3,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,1,1,0,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, En general- sobre los partidos consultados- todos tienden a tener estructuras internas muy oligarquizadas y con procedimientos internos poco claros. | Total |  |,-12,3,3,1, , , ,-99,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, ,2,2,0,2,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,2.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, 
Uganda,500,National Resistance Movement (NRM),2,-12,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1,1,1,0,-99,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,2,2,0,2,4,4,0,4, Parties still not yet mature in the way they are organised. | Whereas the parties are established by law and operate by clear rules- the practice is influenced by strong party leaders and national structures (elites). | Total |,2,2,2,0,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,2,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | Religious and ethnical dynamics play still a very important role. Monetization of politics is rampant. | Total |,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,0,4,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,5, , 
Bolivia,145,"National Unity Front (Frente de Unidad Nacional, UN)",4,1,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,1,1,1.25,.5,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,1,1,0,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, The success of MAS brought a deep change of elites to the countries. Some of the old elites assembles in UD and PC - but the traditional party systems is destroyed and no signs of recovery. PC ist just the legal register- it has no structure- membership. Quiroga used the registracion mark to candidate- the party itself is without any proper strcuture/membershup-live. UD survives because of aliances - which might be her anvabtage at a given moment when MAS ist loosing atractivness. But just beacuase of these aliances UD provided a certain national presence - it mainly a political project of Samuel Medina. The only party (better movement) with national presence- internal structures and a proper membership. The structure is marked by the membership-organisationes- not by individual members. The makes decisionmaking inside MAS a permanet power game- but limits aswell the governing leadership. Yes- Morales is a tipical 'caudillo' but still controled by the basis organisations. | Total |  |,3,3,2.75,.5, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,3.75,.5, Its dificult to present a categorie 'religious/ethnica organisations' together: the strong social indigenous and farmer movements a the basis of MAS and the social structure and therefore extremely important and supported by MAS and suposingly other parties too. Relgious (church) ist mainly irrelevant in the power structure of the country and therefore irrelevant to support | Total |  |,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,0,2,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338, No party excludes anybody explicity- all try to atracts votes from all sectors. | Total |  |,1,1.25,.5,1,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338,2,1,1.25,.5,1,2,2, ,2,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,4,0,-12,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626, I based my judgement on the acion/prononciacions from party representatives - not on the written prpgram which might differ. Eventhough UD presents himself as a conservative- bourgois party- the 'procewso de cambio' has established some new features in Bolivia which no party can deny: No neoliberalism in economics- a responsable state- ackowldegemente of the indigenous people- nacionalist- fight for access to the sea etc.. In these aspects- exists a consens in society to which the political parties contribute knowing that contradicting these- there will not gaian any vote. | Total |  |
Guatemala,90,"National Unity of Hope (Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza, UNE)",5,3,2,2,1,1,1,1.6,1.34164078649987,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , ,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,-99,3,2.6,.894427190999916,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It is a system designed by the political parties elitas to dominate from the political FUNDING - for the preservation of power and privilege- not a - representative nor democratic - inclusive system in its relations with society | The political parties in Guatemala are most like an network of interest and political influence; they are not like a real political party. Usually- are conducted by the strong personality and decisions  of who are in the top of the organization.   Lider is the example of that concentred power: most of the middle structures of the party are just decorative. UNE- WINAQ and EG- for its political ideology (left)- they have a more leveles of democratization and conection with the regional and local level- However- the lack of financial resources are key for its weak territorial structure. | The political parties in Guatemala have a little institutionalization and high grade of fragmentation. All opinions given are based on this structural reality. | There's little difference in the practices of political parties- despite of their size or ideology (most of them could be defined as centre-left). There's a small committee- called Asamblea Nacional- that makes most decisions. Decisions are often vertical and exclusive. Parties are in most cases- just a vehicle to power.,3,3,2.6,1.14017542509914, , , ,-99,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.8,.447213595499958, , , ,0,0,0,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, Encuentro por Guatemala and Winaq-URNG are small parties- whith little economic resources. Because of that- they're not as attractive to local leaders- as stronger and bigger parties- with lot of resources. That's why they rarely attract charismatic or strong leaders to be candidates- and also why they have less power or credibility to offer benefits in exchange of votes. | It is based on clientelism one Incentives through social programs and incentive-based system: Sectoral benefits to gain support for what the ideological / programmatic theme is a minor issue | No comments | The political parties in Guatemala are an MOST like the model of catch- all party - developed by Otto Kirchheimer . In some occasion- however - like Lider in the last electoral competition - they returned to the old scheme of oposition poor versus rich that are tipical of marxist doctrine of class struggle,1,1,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,1,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,3,3,3,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159, He is not designed to be inclusive system is based on the formalism of formal democracy system - and does not generate spaces brokerage and discussion with marginalized groups who are indigenous peoples- women and especially youth by high demographic bonus from the country. | Indigenous people are usually rural and poor- so parties often adress them as a whole. LIDER and UNE where specially strong among these sectors- but they also made strong efforts to attract urban and middle income voters- because they weren't too popular among them. | There are no explicit exclusion approaches- but if implicit forms- such as the invisibility of ethnic differences is typical of most of the Guatemala´s parties. | Total,4,4.2,.836660026534076,-12,4,4.4,.547722557505166,4,5,4.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,5,3,2.75,1.5,4,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,3,1,1,1,0,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,-12,3,2.8,.836660026534076,   For is a post conflict country based on the Cold War - the political culture of debate of ideas has been a root problem - given that position politically and anti hegemonically is seen evil has permeated the party system not positioned in front to oligarchic political or external design | Most of the answers are based on my perception of the parties policies. Since electoral campaigns aim to promote candidates- political parties rarely have a detailed program- or are explicit with policies. | The ideological profile are diffuse- with few exceptions as UNE or URNG/Winaq. | Total
Philippines,840,National Unity Party (NUP),1,3,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, We do not have grassroots-based- broadly-participatory political parties but only caricatures of a political party which are basically vehicles for political elite families. |  |  |,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , There is the built-in advantage of an incumbent candidate or party in using public resources for the campaign. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , Since there is the dominance of political elite families within the parties- the poor are effectively excluded from political decision-making. |  |  |,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , These political parties all espouse in practice the interests of the political and economic elite- differing only in degrees in conservatism or liberalism from each other. |  |  |
Turkey,640,"Nationalist Movement Party (Milliyetci Hareket Partisi, MHP)",4,3,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1.25,.5,-99,3,2.75,.5,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | A question to sponsors of this survey:  why is the People's Democratic Party (HDP) not included in this survey? | General remark: I wonder why you did nor include HDP which constitutes the 3. important parliamentary group. | Total,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179, , , ,-99,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,  | Concerning the 'party leader' issue- I indicated my opinion while supposing the AKP's 'effective' leader is Erdogan- the prewsident of the republic. In case you mean the 'formal leader'- he mobilizes the electoral support 'to a small extent'. | Exchanges are generally not done through non-party organs | Total,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,.75,.5, , , ,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,2,2,0,2,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179,3,3,2.5,1,  | Concerning the question about Political Inclusion III- I indicated by mistake 'wealthy voters' as one of the attracted groups for SP and it was impossible to delete afterwards. Please do not take this indication into consideration. | I am confident of my answers however the phrasing of questions made answering questions very difficult.  Most parties in Turkey are not about excluding per se but consolidating among certain groups.  Moreover religious and ethnic groups in Turkey do not vote in blocks. | Total,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,5,5,0,5,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.25,1.5,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,4.75,.5,  | Recarding the question about Taxes vs Social Policy it was impossible to indicate a cleatr position for AKP- since its policy is very variable in this respect (high taxes on petroleum- minimal tax on jewelry...) | Total |
Philippines,840,Nationalist Peoples Coalition (NPC),1,1,2,2, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, We do not have grassroots-based- broadly-participatory political parties but only caricatures of a political party which are basically vehicles for political elite families. |  |  |,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , There is the built-in advantage of an incumbent candidate or party in using public resources for the campaign. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , Since there is the dominance of political elite families within the parties- the poor are effectively excluded from political decision-making. |  |  |,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , These political parties all espouse in practice the interests of the political and economic elite- differing only in degrees in conservatism or liberalism from each other. |  |  |
El Salvador,92,"Nationalist Republican Alliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, ARENA)",1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , 
Egypt,651,New Wafd Party (Hizb Al-Wafd Al-Jadid),2,1,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,1,1,1, , , , ,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-99,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | It is very important to note that the Freedom & Justice Party is outlawed in Egypt because of the regime's crackdown on the Muslimbrotherhood- of which FJP was the political arm. Therefore- no answers on that party possible. | Total |,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0, , , ,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0, ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0, ,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,2,2,0,2,4,4, ,4,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731, 
New Zealand,920,New Zealand First,2,1,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1, ,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | There has been flux over time in the linkages (explicit or informal) between the political parties and organizations. EG. NZ National Party has much stronger (but still informal- personalised) linkages with ethnic organizations now than even 5-10 years ago. | Total |,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,4,4,0,4,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548, 
New Zealand,920,New Zealand Labour Party,2,-12,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,-99,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | There has been flux over time in the linkages (explicit or informal) between the political parties and organizations. EG. NZ National Party has much stronger (but still informal- personalised) linkages with ethnic organizations now than even 5-10 years ago. | Total |,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,2,2,2,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,4,4,0,4,3.5,3.5,2.12132034355964,-12,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, 
New Zealand,920,New Zealand National Party,2,-12,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | There has been flux over time in the linkages (explicit or informal) between the political parties and organizations. EG. NZ National Party has much stronger (but still informal- personalised) linkages with ethnic organizations now than even 5-10 years ago. | Total |,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,-99,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2,0,2,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,3,3,0,3,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548, 
Kenya,501,Orange Democratic Movement (ODM),5,3,1,1.4,.547722557505166,1,1,2.2,1.6431676725155,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,-99,3,2.2,1.09544511501033,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,3,2.4,1.34164078649987,1,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,4,  | Parties are ethnically based led by a tribal kingpin and are seen as vehicles to acquire power. They have no ideologies that they follow to the letter. | Political legislation and internal party rules and regulations in party organisation is adequate and often in continuous positive amendment since it is just about 6 years since promulgation of Constitution 2010. Parties have been caught in between new way of organisation and traditional methods  of disorganisation and change is a bit slow. However- there is goodwill from most political leaders to embrace change but still arm-twisting by traditional influential persons to party leaders is still present thus slowing change. | The choices provided limit ability to answer specific questions; I have chosed answers that best reflect. Open ended options or others category might help provide more specific and accurate answers,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,5,3.6,1.94935886896179,5,4,4,4,0,-12,2,2.4,1.51657508881031, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958, What is happening is that the voters are given bribes.  What happens is that the members of the National Assembly candidates during elections promise to deliver - if elected -  specifics to the citizens in the constituency in which the candidate is running. | In Kenya- ethnic block voting is used as a base for political negotiations both within the party as well as in coalitions. The higher the number of your ethnic block- the bigger your voice is in a party or coalition. | Parties do not overtly promise benefits- but there is tradition that development patterns- appointment to government are skewed reflecting support. So while there are no benefits- their is evident practise that voting for the winning party guarantees some additional benefits | Party competition is based on promises to deliver material benefits to the tribes represented by the party.,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,1.4,.547722557505166,1,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,  | The main contest of exclusion is between TNA and ODM. TNA calls for free enterprise in wealth accumulation while ODM calls for redistribution of wealth. | Two points- while there are covert politics of inclusion- parties generally do not pursue politics of exclusion. This might be contradictory- since the aim is achieved if inclusion favours certain groups- but it relates more to the dangers and desire not to be seen as outrighlty pursuing exclusion.  The final result is normally the same anyway- that groups that are not included perceive themselves as excluded.    Note also that Democratic Party has over the years dwindled in support and activity- so | Total,4,3.4,1.51657508881031,4,4,4.25,.5,4,2,2.4,1.14017542509914,2,2,2,1,-12,1,2.2,1.78885438199983,1,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.6,.894427190999916,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,-12,5,3.5,1.732051,  | There are just two types of policy positions; TNA for status quo and ODM for redistributive justice. The rest have no strong policy positions. | TNA and URP are new parties so its not possible to measure stability of positions. I would prefer not to answer the question on how close party position aligns to my position | Total
Ecuador,130,"PAIS Alliance (Alianza PAIS, Patria Altiva I Soberana)",1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,2,2, ,2,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,5,5,5, , 
Tanzania,510,"Party for Democracy and Progress (Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo, Chadema)",5,3,2,1.8,.836660026534076,-12,2.5,2.5,1.73205080756888,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166, , , ,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,-99,3,2.6,.894427190999916,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,4,3.5,1,5,5,1.22474487139159,4,4,2.8,1.6431676725155,4,  | corruption is often practised in selection process | Party Organization is clear to a large extent for the above mentioned parties. However- there are always challenges when it comes to implementing the rules/guidelines - especially when approaching and during internal and national elections. | Total,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,3.6,1.51657508881031,4,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,1,1.5,1.75,.957427107756338,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,4,3.75,.5,  | Parties usually do not have direct links with other groups - especially civil society as laws do not usually allow those other groups to have political affiliations. So engagement is usually very low- informal- keeping a low profile. | The issues raised are outlawed as they would appear to be corrupt practices. | Total,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,-99,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,.6,.547722557505166, , , ,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,  | Even CUF has many christian and main-land members- as the law requires all parties are mixed- but everyone knows the practice that is a Zanzibar and mainly Islamic party. | Total |,2,2.66666666666667,2.08166599946613,-12,4,4, ,4,2.5,2.5,1.29099444873581,-12,5,4,1.73205080756888,5,1,1.6,.894427190999916,1,1,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,2,2,2.8,1.6431676725155,  | CCM is a former socialist party- hence some strong state positions and national unity values- also in long partnership with Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. As main opposition Chadema tends to be a more liberal party- however also receiving Konrad Adenauer Stiftung support- while I believe CUF receives Friedrich Neumann support- which is not all together ideologically logical to me. | Total |
Albania,339,"Party for Justice, Integration and Unity (Partia Drejtesi, Integrim dhe Unitet, PDIU)",5,2,2,2.25,.5,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,2,2,2,0,-99,2,2,.816496580927726,-12,3,2.8,.836660026534076,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  |  The Albanian political parties have very good statutes which indicate the functioning of the local and national level organization and functioning of the party’s itself in the case of DP- SP and LSI. PDIU and PBDNJ are parties which are mainly related to ethnical and human rights issues and give these two parties a better functioning in some districts of Albania. Still- in general the internal democracy of the political parties in Albania despite their statutes and organization structure is lacking in many cases. | Under Albanian law political parties must be national organized. The law prohibits ethnic and religious parties. Most parties do not apply to internal democracy in elections and decision-making- and most of them are identified by their chairmen/leader. Parties in Albania have less ideological and programmatic differences. Actually- a third of Members of Parliament are individuals from the business world- promoted by political parties due to their financing of electoral campaigns. The parties have strong influence in the public and the state- are the main source for political careers and appointments in the administration. | Total,2,2,2,.816496580927726, , , ,-99,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | Despite the ideology of the  political parties we are describing- the ways and techniques they are using for competing in electoral campaign for local or general election and to mobilize their members its almost the same for the big parties (such as DP and SP). LSI is a new phenomenon in our country which approaches the membership with a direct approach of the party leader to its members. LSI since its funding as a party never faced a defeat of power which gives this party the status of government-building factor. Less can be said for PBDNJ or PDIU. | Total |,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.25,.5,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.2,1.09544511501033,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | In the first category “Extent of exclusion” lacks variant 'no' or 'partially' to respond- so I responded with 'do not know' | Total |,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,-12,3,3, ,3,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,2,2, ,2,2,2.66666666666667,2.08166599946613,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3,.816496580927726,1,1,1.8,1.30384048104053,  | There is a huge difference between their papers and written positions and their real work. All parties in opposition are more democratically orientated- when they come to power they become more and more autocratic - now difference between left and right in general. Mostly very neo-liberal orientated. | When asked about immigration: Albania didn't have / doesn't have any debate on immigration issue- so the political parties have no clear position on this point | Total
Moldova,359,"Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (Partidul Comunistilor din Republica Moldova, PCRM)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,2,1.73205080756888,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, ,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,2,2, ,2,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, ,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4, , , ,-99,2,2,0,2,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0,5,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Moldovan parties are not defined by values or even ideologies (socialist- communist) - or at least are not bound by these beliefs in their dealing with day to day politics. Therefore- it is almost impossible to deal with them in terms of left / right- interventionist or liberal. These categories do not matter in parties`s 'real life'. | Total |
Bosnia-Herzegovina,346,"Party of Democratic Action (Stranka Demokratske Akcije, SDA)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,-12,2,2,1, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,4,3.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,-12,4,4, ,4,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,2,2, ,2,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626, 
Moldova,359,"Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (Partidul Socialistilor din Republica Moldova, PSRM)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,3,3,2.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,2,2, ,2,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, ,4,4,1,-12,4,4,0,4,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5, , , ,-99,2,2, ,2,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,5,5,5,0,  | Moldovan parties are not defined by values or even ideologies (socialist- communist) - or at least are not bound by these beliefs in their dealing with day to day politics. Therefore- it is almost impossible to deal with them in terms of left / right- interventionist or liberal. These categories do not matter in parties`s 'real life'. | Total |
Tanzania,510,"Party of the Revolution (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM)",5,-12,1,1,0,4,4,3,1.73205080756888,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166, , , ,-12,2,2,1.15470053837925,-99,2,2,1,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,4,3.5,1,5,5,1.22474487139159,4,4,2.8,1.6431676725155,4,  | corruption is often practised in selection process | Party Organization is clear to a large extent for the above mentioned parties. However- there are always challenges when it comes to implementing the rules/guidelines - especially when approaching and during internal and national elections. | Total,3,3,3,.707106781186548,5,4.6,.547722557505166,5,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,3,2.75,1.5,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,4,3.75,.5,  | Parties usually do not have direct links with other groups - especially civil society as laws do not usually allow those other groups to have political affiliations. So engagement is usually very low- informal- keeping a low profile. | The issues raised are outlawed as they would appear to be corrupt practices. | Total,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,2,2, ,2,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , , , , ,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,1,.6,.547722557505166, , , ,4,4,3.4,.894427190999916,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,  | Even CUF has many christian and main-land members- as the law requires all parties are mixed- but everyone knows the practice that is a Zanzibar and mainly Islamic party. | Total |,5,4.75,.5,5,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626,-12,5,4.6,.547722557505166,5,5,4.5,1,5,2,2.6,1.8165902124585,1,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053,  | CCM is a former socialist party- hence some strong state positions and national unity values- also in long partnership with Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. As main opposition Chadema tends to be a more liberal party- however also receiving Konrad Adenauer Stiftung support- while I believe CUF receives Friedrich Neumann support- which is not all together ideologically logical to me. | Total |
Romania,360,"Party of the Roma (Partida le Romenge, PR)",3,-12,2,2.33333333333333,1.52752523165195,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,-99,2,2,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | As previously mentioned- these electoral alliances have been made prior to elections- and almost immediately after have been broken- so better would have been to address the questions at parties' level- not alliances- as noone perceives the alliances- but more the parties | I work in the NGO sector and through my work of over 15 years with political parties I also came to learn inside information about them- but I can not state that this is general or facts. I believe data should also be confronted with opinions from people from the party. | Total,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,  | All parties- b/c they lost most of their voters' basis- compete for the same voters: Roma and poor. Due to the legislation- the parties don't really have the option to promise or promote changes- other than legislative (ie there are no pre-electoral consultations with groups of citizens on their priorities- nor labor unions/businesses)- as it can be interpreted as traffic of influence. However- these elections (June 5th) have limited the votebuying- given electoral law changes. | Total |,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Political inclusion is limited to local dialogue- not national policies. We can even say it is a case-by-case 'inclusion'- and it seeks only short term or temporary solutions for the respective minorities- when we talk about the inclusion of the mainstream parties. When we talk about the minority political organizations (as none of the above are political parties)- they target more seriously their own ethnic groups- but with little follow up. The Hungarians are thebest and most consistent. | Total |, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,  | Discussion are not about policies- positions on major issues. the parties barely have programs when they run in elections and even if they do (USL) had they are very superficial - they just say more high ways but they never say where will they get the budget for it. Also- in the last years the liberals were more into social measures than the social democrats- while the social democrats started taking more stands on the rights of small businesses. | The parties (electoral alliances listed) were artificially created for the electoral period/elections in 2012. These alliances had a very short life- and especially USL- that was consisted of 2 parties (one social-democrat and the other right wing liberal)- were very different in opinions and views- even in the elections- the only common nominator was to beat the president's party- who formed ARD alongwith some smaller parties. There is no consistency in the policies (not even talking about ideolgoies)- the social democrats have made the most liberal fiscal code- per examp | Total
Zambia,551,Patriotic Front (PF),1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,4,4, ,4,1,1, ,1, Party Organisation in Zambia is affected by the unfair Public Order Act applied by the ruling party through state agencies such as the police. |  |  |,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,1,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , MMD only fielded about two parliamentary candidates and has been split into two factions. One faction led by Felix Mutati will support PF while the Nevers Mumba faction will support UPND in the August 11- 2016 general elections. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , MMD is almost a dead party! |  |  |,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5,1,1, ,1,5,5, ,5,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, , The PF campaign message in 2011 was premised on 'lower taxes' and 'more money in peoples pockets'. These to date have not been achieved. Instead- Zambia is experiencing a high cost of living impacted by a high inflation rate and high taxes. |  |  |
Ukraine,369,Peoples Front (Narodnyj Front),1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99,2,2, ,2, , , ,-99,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , 
Malaysia,820,"Peoples Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat, PKR)",1,3,1,1, ,1,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1, , , ,-99,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , 
Malawi,553,Peoples Party (PP),3,1,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,3.33333333333333,2.08166599946613,1,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,4,  | Malawian political parties are very fluid- with no set membership. Members often move from one party to another with regular frequency. | Parties in Malawi are simply loose collections of elites who use them predominantly as vehicles for grabbing state power. Political parties are not firmly rooted in society. Most of the parties suffer from the founders' syndrome characterized by protracted leadership succession struggles. | Total,-12,2,2,1,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,4,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Most Malawian political parties have similar opportunistic ideologies. They thrive on promises of patronage. | Parties in Malawi draw their support primarily from regions or district that are considered as their strongholds. These are usually districts or regions where the majority of the party leadership comes from. Parties often form patronage relations with local leaders as well as religious leaders who come from their respective regions or districts. | Total,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | Party politics in Malawi is largely about electing one of your own to be the helm of government and therefore regulate the flow of patronage. | Total |,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,1, , , ,-99,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,  | Last question is not applicable- not from this country. | Party positions on critical issues does not really matter in determining electoral chances of success. | Total
Peru,135,Peru Wins (Gana Peru),1,1,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , 
Ukraine,369,Petro Poroshenko Bloc Solidarity (Blok Petra Poroshenka Solydarnist),1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99,2,2, ,2, , , ,-99,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , 
Ecuador,130,"Plurinational Unity of the Lefts (Unidad Plurinacional de las Izquierdas, UPI)",1,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,4,4, ,4,3,3, ,3,4,4, ,4,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , 
Poland,290,"Polish Peasants Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL)",4,-12,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,2,2,1.15470053837925,3,3,3,.816496580927726,3,3,3.25,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | Dear Sirs-  thank you for the invitation to the panel- I would like to stress that- questions that had been asked concern party politics areas- where we currently observe a dynamic changes.  Let me just turn your attention to two issues regarding the questionnaire and my answers:  - as the Mniejszość Niemiecka is not officially registered political party (they run in the 2015 general election as a voters' electoral commetee- as a national minority they did not need to pass the threshold of 5%) and- on the contrary to all other parties- is an example of a etho-regional party (ethnic based electorate based in just one region).  Therefore some of your questions and answers (i.e. level on which the candidates lists are formed) can be misleading or easily misinterpreted.    When the origin of parties is concerned- typically for the CEE countries- Polish parties were formed in top-to-bottom manner by the post-communist elites or splinter from the mainstream parties- but in case of PO - when the political organisation was started it at first- took a form of an association and turned into the political party after entering the Parliament in 2001- nevertheless the association was also started and run by the well-known politicians (Tusk- Płażyński etc.) so answering your question I sticked to the first option (elites).    I would like to mention that the Polish parties listed are 'set-in-stone'  in most of the areas you cover (i.e. the party internal democracy)- this is in contrast with several new but still minor agents/parties like Razem (Togheter party) or .Nowoczesna. | Inclusion of Mniejszosc niemiecka in the survey does not make much sense- because they have currenlty only one MP on the national level- their constituencies are only in a small part of the country and they are not a national political party (the MP stems from the fact- that ethnic minorities are exempt from the 5% threshold for parties in national elections) | Parties in Poland are not very rooted in the society. Their membership is low as well as their cooperation with the local communities. Even if they have some ties with business (like PO) or with religious groups (like PiS) I wouldn't name this ties as strong and very formal... In addition- the parties tend to have their youth branches- but I wouldn't named them as youth organisations. Mniejszość Niemiecka (MN) is operating mostly in one region (Opolskie Voivodeship).,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338, , , ,-99,3,3,2.75,.5,4,4,3.5,1,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,  | I would say that the modes of party competition in Poland are slightly different to the way you treat them in your questions. Parties in Poland rarely address to particular organised groups (maybe besides Unuions) - they rather try to address particular social groups with their programme (and on that I've based my answers). | Total |,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5, , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,  | In general- Poland is very homogenous country (2nd in Europe after Malta) and issue of minorities is not the most important (only starting to be due to the European refugee crisis). But some political parties tend to create their own minorities to be oposed (see: PiS). | PiS addresses voters by stressing the partys preference for Polish voters- defining the nation in ethnic terms and excluding non-Poles. However- there is nowhere a clear definition of whom they include and whom not- so also the definition of exclusion is very vague. Exclusion is mainly based on the assessment of whether specific individuals or groups oppose the party platform. If they do- they are declared 'non-Polish'- no matter- whether they are or are not Polish citizens- of Polish origin etc. | Total,3.5,3.75,.957427107756338,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,-12,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,4,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,-12,1,1,1.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, 
Peru,135,"Popular Force (Fuerza Popular, FP)",1,1,3,3, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , , ,-99, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, ,5,5,5, , 
Peru,135,Possible Peru Alliance (Alianza Electoral Peru Posible),1,1,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , ,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2, , , ,-99,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , 
Argentina,160,"Radical Civic Union (Union Civica Radical, UCR)",2,-12,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, Partido Justicialista has many other branches: not only FpV y FR | Son organizaciones armadas para procesos electorales. | Total |,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , ,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,  | Está generalizado el clientelismo. | Total |,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3, ,3,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,5,5,5,0,  | Los partidos mayoritarios defienden el stsatu quo | Total |
Argentina,160,"Renewal Front (Frente Renovador, FR)",2,-12,3,3, ,1,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, Partido Justicialista has many other branches: not only FpV y FR | Son organizaciones armadas para procesos electorales. | Total |,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,  | Está generalizado el clientelismo. | Total |,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,3,3,0,3,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,5,5,5,0,  | Los partidos mayoritarios defienden el stsatu quo | Total |
Guatemala,90,"Renewed Democratic Liberty (Libertad Democratica Renovada, LIDER)",5,1,3,3.4,.547722557505166,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166, , , ,2,2,2,.707106781186548,-99,1,1,0,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It is a system designed by the political parties elitas to dominate from the political FUNDING - for the preservation of power and privilege- not a - representative nor democratic - inclusive system in its relations with society | The political parties in Guatemala are most like an network of interest and political influence; they are not like a real political party. Usually- are conducted by the strong personality and decisions  of who are in the top of the organization.   Lider is the example of that concentred power: most of the middle structures of the party are just decorative. UNE- WINAQ and EG- for its political ideology (left)- they have a more leveles of democratization and conection with the regional and local level- However- the lack of financial resources are key for its weak territorial structure. | The political parties in Guatemala have a little institutionalization and high grade of fragmentation. All opinions given are based on this structural reality. | There's little difference in the practices of political parties- despite of their size or ideology (most of them could be defined as centre-left). There's a small committee- called Asamblea Nacional- that makes most decisions. Decisions are often vertical and exclusive. Parties are in most cases- just a vehicle to power.,1,1,1.6,1.34164078649987, , , ,-99,4,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,4,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.8,.447213595499958, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,-12,3,2.6,1.51657508881031,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, Encuentro por Guatemala and Winaq-URNG are small parties- whith little economic resources. Because of that- they're not as attractive to local leaders- as stronger and bigger parties- with lot of resources. That's why they rarely attract charismatic or strong leaders to be candidates- and also why they have less power or credibility to offer benefits in exchange of votes. | It is based on clientelism one Incentives through social programs and incentive-based system: Sectoral benefits to gain support for what the ideological / programmatic theme is a minor issue | No comments | The political parties in Guatemala are an MOST like the model of catch- all party - developed by Otto Kirchheimer . In some occasion- however - like Lider in the last electoral competition - they returned to the old scheme of oposition poor versus rich that are tipical of marxist doctrine of class struggle,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,2,2, ,2,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,3,3,2.8,1.09544511501033,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159, He is not designed to be inclusive system is based on the formalism of formal democracy system - and does not generate spaces brokerage and discussion with marginalized groups who are indigenous peoples- women and especially youth by high demographic bonus from the country. | Indigenous people are usually rural and poor- so parties often adress them as a whole. LIDER and UNE where specially strong among these sectors- but they also made strong efforts to attract urban and middle income voters- because they weren't too popular among them. | There are no explicit exclusion approaches- but if implicit forms- such as the invisibility of ethnic differences is typical of most of the Guatemala´s parties. | Total,3.5,3.75,.957427107756338,3,3,3,1,-12,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,2,2.2,1.30384048104053,1,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,3,3,2.6,1.14017542509914,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,4,4,.816496580927726,   For is a post conflict country based on the Cold War - the political culture of debate of ideas has been a root problem - given that position politically and anti hegemonically is seen evil has permeated the party system not positioned in front to oligarchic political or external design | Most of the answers are based on my perception of the parties policies. Since electoral campaigns aim to promote candidates- political parties rarely have a detailed program- or are explicit with policies. | The ideological profile are diffuse- with few exceptions as UNE or URNG/Winaq. | Total
Turkey,640,"Republican Peoples Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP)",4,3,1,1,0,1,1.5,2,1.4142135623731,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,1,0,1,.75,.5, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1.25,.5,-99,3,2.5,1,4,4,3.25,1.5,3,3,2.75,1.25830573921179, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | A question to sponsors of this survey:  why is the People's Democratic Party (HDP) not included in this survey? | General remark: I wonder why you did nor include HDP which constitutes the 3. important parliamentary group. | Total,4,4,3.5,1, , , ,-99,3,3,3.25,.5,3,3,3.25,.5,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,3.25,1.5,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,  | Concerning the 'party leader' issue- I indicated my opinion while supposing the AKP's 'effective' leader is Erdogan- the prewsident of the republic. In case you mean the 'formal leader'- he mobilizes the electoral support 'to a small extent'. | Exchanges are generally not done through non-party organs | Total,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5, , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,3,3,2.5,1,  | Concerning the question about Political Inclusion III- I indicated by mistake 'wealthy voters' as one of the attracted groups for SP and it was impossible to delete afterwards. Please do not take this indication into consideration. | I am confident of my answers however the phrasing of questions made answering questions very difficult.  Most parties in Turkey are not about excluding per se but consolidating among certain groups.  Moreover religious and ethnic groups in Turkey do not vote in blocks. | Total,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,4,4,1,-12,3,3,.816496580927726,3,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,2,2.5,1.73205080756888,2,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,4,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,2,2.5,3,1.4142135623731,  | Recarding the question about Taxes vs Social Policy it was impossible to indicate a cleatr position for AKP- since its policy is very variable in this respect (high taxes on petroleum- minimal tax on jewelry...) | Total |
Argentina,160,"Republican Proposal (Propuesta Republicana, PRO)",2,1,3,3,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, Partido Justicialista has many other branches: not only FpV y FR | Son organizaciones armadas para procesos electorales. | Total |,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,4,4,4,0,  | Está generalizado el clientelismo. | Total |,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,5,5,5,0,  | Los partidos mayoritarios defienden el stsatu quo | Total |
Romania,360,"Right Romania Alliance (Alianta Romania Dreapta, ARD)",3,-12,1,1,0,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,-99,2,2,1.4142135623731,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | As previously mentioned- these electoral alliances have been made prior to elections- and almost immediately after have been broken- so better would have been to address the questions at parties' level- not alliances- as noone perceives the alliances- but more the parties | I work in the NGO sector and through my work of over 15 years with political parties I also came to learn inside information about them- but I can not state that this is general or facts. I believe data should also be confronted with opinions from people from the party. | Total,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,3,3,3,0,  | All parties- b/c they lost most of their voters' basis- compete for the same voters: Roma and poor. Due to the legislation- the parties don't really have the option to promise or promote changes- other than legislative (ie there are no pre-electoral consultations with groups of citizens on their priorities- nor labor unions/businesses)- as it can be interpreted as traffic of influence. However- these elections (June 5th) have limited the votebuying- given electoral law changes. | Total |,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Political inclusion is limited to local dialogue- not national policies. We can even say it is a case-by-case 'inclusion'- and it seeks only short term or temporary solutions for the respective minorities- when we talk about the inclusion of the mainstream parties. When we talk about the minority political organizations (as none of the above are political parties)- they target more seriously their own ethnic groups- but with little follow up. The Hungarians are thebest and most consistent. | Total |,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,  | Discussion are not about policies- positions on major issues. the parties barely have programs when they run in elections and even if they do (USL) had they are very superficial - they just say more high ways but they never say where will they get the budget for it. Also- in the last years the liberals were more into social measures than the social democrats- while the social democrats started taking more stands on the rights of small businesses. | The parties (electoral alliances listed) were artificially created for the electoral period/elections in 2012. These alliances had a very short life- and especially USL- that was consisted of 2 parties (one social-democrat and the other right wing liberal)- were very different in opinions and views- even in the elections- the only common nominator was to beat the president's party- who formed ARD alongwith some smaller parties. There is no consistency in the policies (not even talking about ideolgoies)- the social democrats have made the most liberal fiscal code- per examp | Total
Bosnia-Herzegovina,346,"Serb Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka, SDS)",3,-12,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,2,2,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,3,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626, ,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,4, ,4,4,4,1,-12,2,2, ,2,4,4,1,-12,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626, 
Serbia,345,"Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska Napredna Stranka, SNS)",4,2,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1.25,.5,-99,2,2,.816496580927726,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2,.816496580927726, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,4,3.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , ,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,5,4.75,.5,5,4,4,1.15470053837925,-12,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626,-12,3.5,3.5,1.29099444873581,-12,4.5,4,1.4142135623731,5,2,2,1.75,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3.5,3.75,.957427107756338,  | Minority parties usually adapt to the ruling party's position. In Vojvodina the Democratic Party pursued a more social democratic agenda. Now- that the Progressive Party won the minority parties will adapt again (even being part of the government in Novi Sad). It is generally difficult to fix a party's position on certain issues- since day-to-day politics demand flexibility. Thus the clear distinction as conservative-liberal-socialist does not really fit- since all parties are nationalistic- some more- some less. | Total |
Myanmar,775,Shan Nationalities League for Democracy,4,3,2,1.75,.5,2,2,2.25,1.25830573921179,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,-99,3,3,0,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | All parties work very centralised- especially NLD.  How adaptable is this to a federal system that is demanded by the ethnic nationalities? | Party organization across the various is still quite week and based on personality vs any real ideology. | There is a general tendency for parties to have one or a few dominant personalities and lesser levels of institutionalization especially during normal times. Party disciplie is also quite tightly controlled and clientelism is not uncommon.,-12,3,3,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99,-12,3,3,1.15470053837925,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, , , ,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,3,3,3,.816496580927726,3,3,3,.816496580927726,  | Ethnically based parties like SNLD and ANP will naturally target ascriptive groups since that is the nature of their agenda. Broader and larger parties tend to seek wider appeal although the USDP has linkages to Buddhist groups. | In the run-up to the 2015 elections USDP talked more about concrete issues/policies more than any other party. | Total,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , ,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | There is general anti-Muslim sentiment in the country and very strongly expressed in Rakhine state that regards itself subjected to the vagaries of illegal migration from Bangladesh. The NLD tries to covertly go along with this national sentiment for fear of losing the Buddhist vote. And the SNLD has bee furious with the plasticity of the Wa region and state that grows southwards into the traditional Shan areas. | Total |,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,2,5,4.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,5,4,3,1.73205080756888,4,1,1,1,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,3,3,2.5,1,  | Parties in Burma really do not have  policy positions but rather support vague concepts for example rule of law- or democracy. | The survey should try and capture the differences between the national and regional levels to nuance the findings. So for example- the position of the ANP and the SNLD with regard to minorities is reflective of regional identities rather than the national one. | Total
India,750,Shiv Sena,1,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,1,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,2,2, ,2,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,5,5, ,5, , , ,-99,5,5, ,5,2,2, ,2,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,-99, , , , 
Ecuador,130,"Social Christian Party (Partido Social Cristiano, PSC)",1,1,2,2, ,4,4,4, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2, , , ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,3,3, ,3,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,1,1, ,1,4,4, ,4,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , 
Brazil,140,"Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democratico, PSD)",1,1,3,3, ,-99, , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,1,1,1, , , , ,-99,2,2,2, ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,4,4, ,4,1,1, ,1,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,5,5,5, , 
Romania,360,"Social Liberal Union (Uniunea Social Liberala, USL)",3,1,1,1,0,1,1,2,1.73205080756888,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,-99,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | As previously mentioned- these electoral alliances have been made prior to elections- and almost immediately after have been broken- so better would have been to address the questions at parties' level- not alliances- as noone perceives the alliances- but more the parties | I work in the NGO sector and through my work of over 15 years with political parties I also came to learn inside information about them- but I can not state that this is general or facts. I believe data should also be confronted with opinions from people from the party. | Total,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,3,3,3,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,3,3,3,0,  | All parties- b/c they lost most of their voters' basis- compete for the same voters: Roma and poor. Due to the legislation- the parties don't really have the option to promise or promote changes- other than legislative (ie there are no pre-electoral consultations with groups of citizens on their priorities- nor labor unions/businesses)- as it can be interpreted as traffic of influence. However- these elections (June 5th) have limited the votebuying- given electoral law changes. | Total |,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Political inclusion is limited to local dialogue- not national policies. We can even say it is a case-by-case 'inclusion'- and it seeks only short term or temporary solutions for the respective minorities- when we talk about the inclusion of the mainstream parties. When we talk about the minority political organizations (as none of the above are political parties)- they target more seriously their own ethnic groups- but with little follow up. The Hungarians are thebest and most consistent. | Total |,3,3,0,3,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,5,5, ,5,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3.33333333333333,1.52752523165195,  | Discussion are not about policies- positions on major issues. the parties barely have programs when they run in elections and even if they do (USL) had they are very superficial - they just say more high ways but they never say where will they get the budget for it. Also- in the last years the liberals were more into social measures than the social democrats- while the social democrats started taking more stands on the rights of small businesses. | The parties (electoral alliances listed) were artificially created for the electoral period/elections in 2012. These alliances had a very short life- and especially USL- that was consisted of 2 parties (one social-democrat and the other right wing liberal)- were very different in opinions and views- even in the elections- the only common nominator was to beat the president's party- who formed ARD alongwith some smaller parties. There is no consistency in the policies (not even talking about ideolgoies)- the social democrats have made the most liberal fiscal code- per examp | Total
Colombia,100,"Social Party of National Unity (Partido Social de Unidad Nacional, Partido de la U)",2,1,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-99,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It's important to mention that 'Fundación Ebano de Colombia' is not a  formal political party- it is not recognize as such for the Colombian authorities due to a large judicial process they're facing. Yo can find the information from the General Attorney's Office here: http://www.fiscalia.gov.co/colombia/noticias/fiscalia-imputo-cargos-contra-representante-legal-de-funeco-por-inscripcion-irregular-de-candidatos-al-congreso/ | Total |  |,1,1,1, , , , ,-99,-12,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,4,4,4, ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,-99,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0, ,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,2.82842712474619,-12,3,3,0,3,2,2, ,2,3,3, ,3,1,1,1,0,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,0, Basically there is no ideological difference in the first three parties. The fourth one (FUNECO) has traditionally been associated with cases of illegality. The last one (AICO) focuses practically on indigenous issues with a reduced impact on the national scene.  The selected parties  are not the most representative in terms of the political spectrum in Colombia- although the first three have the highest voting and the last two refer to minority groups | Total |  |
Albania,339,"Socialist Movement for Integration (Levizja Socialiste per Integrim, LSI)",5,-12,1,1.6,.894427190999916,1,1,1,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,1.6,.547722557505166,-99,2,2,1.15470053837925,4,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  |  The Albanian political parties have very good statutes which indicate the functioning of the local and national level organization and functioning of the party’s itself in the case of DP- SP and LSI. PDIU and PBDNJ are parties which are mainly related to ethnical and human rights issues and give these two parties a better functioning in some districts of Albania. Still- in general the internal democracy of the political parties in Albania despite their statutes and organization structure is lacking in many cases. | Under Albanian law political parties must be national organized. The law prohibits ethnic and religious parties. Most parties do not apply to internal democracy in elections and decision-making- and most of them are identified by their chairmen/leader. Parties in Albania have less ideological and programmatic differences. Actually- a third of Members of Parliament are individuals from the business world- promoted by political parties due to their financing of electoral campaigns. The parties have strong influence in the public and the state- are the main source for political careers and appointments in the administration. | Total,2,2,2.2,.447213595499958, , , ,-99,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.75,.5,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | Despite the ideology of the  political parties we are describing- the ways and techniques they are using for competing in electoral campaign for local or general election and to mobilize their members its almost the same for the big parties (such as DP and SP). LSI is a new phenomenon in our country which approaches the membership with a direct approach of the party leader to its members. LSI since its funding as a party never faced a defeat of power which gives this party the status of government-building factor. Less can be said for PBDNJ or PDIU. | Total |,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,2,1.75,.5,2,0,.25,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | In the first category “Extent of exclusion” lacks variant 'no' or 'partially' to respond- so I responded with 'do not know' | Total |,3,3.4,1.14017542509914,3,4,3.5,1.73205080756888,4,3,3,1.22474487139159,-12,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,2,2.5,2.5,1.29099444873581,-12,1,1,1,0,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,3,3,3,.816496580927726,-12,2,2.2,.836660026534076,  | There is a huge difference between their papers and written positions and their real work. All parties in opposition are more democratically orientated- when they come to power they become more and more autocratic - now difference between left and right in general. Mostly very neo-liberal orientated. | When asked about immigration: Albania didn't have / doesn't have any debate on immigration issue- so the political parties have no clear position on this point | Total
Albania,339,"Socialist Party of Albania (Partia Socialiste e Shqiperise, PS)",5,3,1,1.4,.894427190999916,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,-99,3,2.6,.894427190999916,4,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  |  The Albanian political parties have very good statutes which indicate the functioning of the local and national level organization and functioning of the party’s itself in the case of DP- SP and LSI. PDIU and PBDNJ are parties which are mainly related to ethnical and human rights issues and give these two parties a better functioning in some districts of Albania. Still- in general the internal democracy of the political parties in Albania despite their statutes and organization structure is lacking in many cases. | Under Albanian law political parties must be national organized. The law prohibits ethnic and religious parties. Most parties do not apply to internal democracy in elections and decision-making- and most of them are identified by their chairmen/leader. Parties in Albania have less ideological and programmatic differences. Actually- a third of Members of Parliament are individuals from the business world- promoted by political parties due to their financing of electoral campaigns. The parties have strong influence in the public and the state- are the main source for political careers and appointments in the administration. | Total,2,2,2.8,1.09544511501033, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,1,0, , , ,0,0,0,4,4,4,0,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | Despite the ideology of the  political parties we are describing- the ways and techniques they are using for competing in electoral campaign for local or general election and to mobilize their members its almost the same for the big parties (such as DP and SP). LSI is a new phenomenon in our country which approaches the membership with a direct approach of the party leader to its members. LSI since its funding as a party never faced a defeat of power which gives this party the status of government-building factor. Less can be said for PBDNJ or PDIU. | Total |,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,1,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | In the first category “Extent of exclusion” lacks variant 'no' or 'partially' to respond- so I responded with 'do not know' | Total |,3,3.2,1.30384048104053,2,4,3.8,1.30384048104053,5,3,2.6,1.14017542509914,3,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,2,3,2.75,1.5,4,2,2,1.6,.547722557505166,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3,.816496580927726,3,3,2.8,1.48323969741913,  | There is a huge difference between their papers and written positions and their real work. All parties in opposition are more democratically orientated- when they come to power they become more and more autocratic - now difference between left and right in general. Mostly very neo-liberal orientated. | When asked about immigration: Albania didn't have / doesn't have any debate on immigration issue- so the political parties have no clear position on this point | Total
Chile,155,"Socialist Party of Chile (Partido Socialista de Chile, PS)",3,-12,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,2,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,-99,2,2,1,-12,3,3,1,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, En general- sobre los partidos consultados- todos tienden a tener estructuras internas muy oligarquizadas y con procedimientos internos poco claros. | Total |  |,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,3,1,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731, ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925, ,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,5,4.66666666666667,.577350269189626,5,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,2,2.66666666666667,2.08166599946613,-12,2,1.66666666666667,.577350269189626,2,1,1,1,0,4,4,3.33333333333333,1.15470053837925,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,2,2,1, 
Serbia,345,"Socialist Party of Serbia (Socijalisticka Partija Srbije, SPS)",4,2,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-99,2,2,.816496580927726,4,4,3.75,.5,4,4,3.75,.5, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,4,4,4,0,4,4,3.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,4,3.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626, ,5,5,0,5,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,5,4.75,.5,5,4,3.75,1.25830573921179,4,4.5,4,1.4142135623731,5,1,1,1.25,.5,4,4,3.75,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,5,5,4.5,1,  | Minority parties usually adapt to the ruling party's position. In Vojvodina the Democratic Party pursued a more social democratic agenda. Now- that the Progressive Party won the minority parties will adapt again (even being part of the government in Novi Sad). It is generally difficult to fix a party's position on certain issues- since day-to-day politics demand flexibility. Thus the clear distinction as conservative-liberal-socialist does not really fit- since all parties are nationalistic- some more- some less. | Total |
Kenya,501,The National Alliance (TNA),5,1,1,1.4,.547722557505166,1,1,2.2,1.6431676725155,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,1,1.2,.447213595499958,-99,1,1.8,1.09544511501033,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,3,2.4,1.34164078649987,1,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,4,  | Parties are ethnically based led by a tribal kingpin and are seen as vehicles to acquire power. They have no ideologies that they follow to the letter. | Political legislation and internal party rules and regulations in party organisation is adequate and often in continuous positive amendment since it is just about 6 years since promulgation of Constitution 2010. Parties have been caught in between new way of organisation and traditional methods  of disorganisation and change is a bit slow. However- there is goodwill from most political leaders to embrace change but still arm-twisting by traditional influential persons to party leaders is still present thus slowing change. | The choices provided limit ability to answer specific questions; I have chosed answers that best reflect. Open ended options or others category might help provide more specific and accurate answers,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,4,4.4,.547722557505166,4,4,4,4,0,-12,2,2.4,1.51657508881031, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958, What is happening is that the voters are given bribes.  What happens is that the members of the National Assembly candidates during elections promise to deliver - if elected -  specifics to the citizens in the constituency in which the candidate is running. | In Kenya- ethnic block voting is used as a base for political negotiations both within the party as well as in coalitions. The higher the number of your ethnic block- the bigger your voice is in a party or coalition. | Parties do not overtly promise benefits- but there is tradition that development patterns- appointment to government are skewed reflecting support. So while there are no benefits- their is evident practise that voting for the winning party guarantees some additional benefits | Party competition is based on promises to deliver material benefits to the tribes represented by the party.,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,1,0,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,2,1.8,.447213595499958,2,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,  | The main contest of exclusion is between TNA and ODM. TNA calls for free enterprise in wealth accumulation while ODM calls for redistribution of wealth. | Two points- while there are covert politics of inclusion- parties generally do not pursue politics of exclusion. This might be contradictory- since the aim is achieved if inclusion favours certain groups- but it relates more to the dangers and desire not to be seen as outrighlty pursuing exclusion.  The final result is normally the same anyway- that groups that are not included perceive themselves as excluded.    Note also that Democratic Party has over the years dwindled in support and activity- so | Total,3,3,1.22474487139159,-12,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,4,2,2,1,-12,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,3,3,2,-12,-12,2,1.8,.836660026534076,4,4,3.6,.894427190999916,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,5,5,3.25,2.061553,  | There are just two types of policy positions; TNA for status quo and ODM for redistributive justice. The rest have no strong policy positions. | TNA and URP are new parties so its not possible to measure stability of positions. I would prefer not to answer the question on how close party position aligns to my position | Total
Guatemala,90,"Together for Guatemala (Encuentro por Guatemala, EG)",5,1,3,2.6,.547722557505166,1,1,1.8,1.30384048104053,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166, , , ,2,2,2.2,.447213595499958,-99,1,1.8,1.09544511501033,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, , , ,-99, , , ,-99, It is a system designed by the political parties elitas to dominate from the political FUNDING - for the preservation of power and privilege- not a - representative nor democratic - inclusive system in its relations with society | The political parties in Guatemala are most like an network of interest and political influence; they are not like a real political party. Usually- are conducted by the strong personality and decisions  of who are in the top of the organization.   Lider is the example of that concentred power: most of the middle structures of the party are just decorative. UNE- WINAQ and EG- for its political ideology (left)- they have a more leveles of democratization and conection with the regional and local level- However- the lack of financial resources are key for its weak territorial structure. | The political parties in Guatemala have a little institutionalization and high grade of fragmentation. All opinions given are based on this structural reality. | There's little difference in the practices of political parties- despite of their size or ideology (most of them could be defined as centre-left). There's a small committee- called Asamblea Nacional- that makes most decisions. Decisions are often vertical and exclusive. Parties are in most cases- just a vehicle to power.,-12,2,2.2,.836660026534076, , , ,-99,4,4,3.6,.894427190999916,2,2,2.2,1.09544511501033,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166, , , ,0,0,0,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053, Encuentro por Guatemala and Winaq-URNG are small parties- whith little economic resources. Because of that- they're not as attractive to local leaders- as stronger and bigger parties- with lot of resources. That's why they rarely attract charismatic or strong leaders to be candidates- and also why they have less power or credibility to offer benefits in exchange of votes. | It is based on clientelism one Incentives through social programs and incentive-based system: Sectoral benefits to gain support for what the ideological / programmatic theme is a minor issue | No comments | The political parties in Guatemala are an MOST like the model of catch- all party - developed by Otto Kirchheimer . In some occasion- however - like Lider in the last electoral competition - they returned to the old scheme of oposition poor versus rich that are tipical of marxist doctrine of class struggle,0,0,0,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , ,2,2,0,2,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,3,3,3.2,.447213595499958,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159, He is not designed to be inclusive system is based on the formalism of formal democracy system - and does not generate spaces brokerage and discussion with marginalized groups who are indigenous peoples- women and especially youth by high demographic bonus from the country. | Indigenous people are usually rural and poor- so parties often adress them as a whole. LIDER and UNE where specially strong among these sectors- but they also made strong efforts to attract urban and middle income voters- because they weren't too popular among them. | There are no explicit exclusion approaches- but if implicit forms- such as the invisibility of ethnic differences is typical of most of the Guatemala´s parties. | Total,3,3.25,.5,3,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,4,4,0,4,2,2.2,1.30384048104053,1,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,-12,1,1,1,0,3,3,3.2,.447213595499958,3,3,3.4,.547722557505166,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076,   For is a post conflict country based on the Cold War - the political culture of debate of ideas has been a root problem - given that position politically and anti hegemonically is seen evil has permeated the party system not positioned in front to oligarchic political or external design | Most of the answers are based on my perception of the parties policies. Since electoral campaigns aim to promote candidates- political parties rarely have a detailed program- or are explicit with policies. | The ideological profile are diffuse- with few exceptions as UNE or URNG/Winaq. | Total
Uganda,500,Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC),2,1,2.5,2.5,.707106781186548,-12,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,2,2,2,0,-99,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,6,6,0,6,3,3,0,3, Parties still not yet mature in the way they are organised. | Whereas the parties are established by law and operate by clear rules- the practice is influenced by strong party leaders and national structures (elites). | Total |,3,3,3,0,4.5,4.5,.707106781186548,4,3,3,3,0,2,2,2,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0, , , , , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,  | Religious and ethnical dynamics play still a very important role. Monetization of politics is rampant. | Total |,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , , , , , , , ,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, ,4,4,1.4142135623731,-12,2,2,0,2,3,3, ,3,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548,-12,1,1,1,0,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,-12,3,3,1.4142135623731,5,5,5, , 
Ukraine,369,Union Self Reliance (Obyednannya Samopomich),1,3,2,2, ,2,2,2, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,2,2, ,2, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4, , , ,-99,4,4, ,4,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , 
Myanmar,775,Union Solidarity and Development Party,4,1,1.5,1.75,.957427107756338,1,1,1,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,-12,1.5,1.5,.577350269189626,-99,1,1,0,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338,3,2.5,2.25,.957427107756338, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  | All parties work very centralised- especially NLD.  How adaptable is this to a federal system that is demanded by the ethnic nationalities? | Party organization across the various is still quite week and based on personality vs any real ideology. | There is a general tendency for parties to have one or a few dominant personalities and lesser levels of institutionalization especially during normal times. Party disciplie is also quite tightly controlled and clientelism is not uncommon.,-12,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626, , , ,-99,3,3,3.25,.5,2,2.5,2.75,.957427107756338, , , ,1,.75,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3,.816496580927726,  | Ethnically based parties like SNLD and ANP will naturally target ascriptive groups since that is the nature of their agenda. Broader and larger parties tend to seek wider appeal although the USDP has linkages to Buddhist groups. | In the run-up to the 2015 elections USDP talked more about concrete issues/policies more than any other party. | Total,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,.5,.5,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5, , , ,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | There is general anti-Muslim sentiment in the country and very strongly expressed in Rakhine state that regards itself subjected to the vagaries of illegal migration from Bangladesh. The NLD tries to covertly go along with this national sentiment for fear of losing the Buddhist vote. And the SNLD has bee furious with the plasticity of the Wa region and state that grows southwards into the traditional Shan areas. | Total |,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,5,5, ,5,4.5,4.5,.577350269189626,-12,5,4.75,.5,5,4.5,4.25,.957427107756338,5,1,1,1,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.577350269189626,4,3.5,3.25,.957427107756338,3,3.5,3.75,.957427107756338,  | Parties in Burma really do not have  policy positions but rather support vague concepts for example rule of law- or democracy. | The survey should try and capture the differences between the national and regional levels to nuance the findings. So for example- the position of the ANP and the SNLD with regard to minorities is reflective of regional identities rather than the national one. | Total
Malawi,553,United Democratic Front (UDF),3,1,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,0, , , ,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0, , , , , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-99,1,1,0,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,7,6.66666666666667,.577350269189626,7,2,2.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,2,  | Malawian political parties are very fluid- with no set membership. Members often move from one party to another with regular frequency. | Parties in Malawi are simply loose collections of elites who use them predominantly as vehicles for grabbing state power. Political parties are not firmly rooted in society. Most of the parties suffer from the founders' syndrome characterized by protracted leadership succession struggles. | Total,-12,3,2.66666666666667,1.52752523165195,4,4,0,4,4,4,4,0,-12,3.5,3.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0, , , ,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,4,4,3.66666666666667,.577350269189626,  | Most Malawian political parties have similar opportunistic ideologies. They thrive on promises of patronage. | Parties in Malawi draw their support primarily from regions or district that are considered as their strongholds. These are usually districts or regions where the majority of the party leadership comes from. Parties often form patronage relations with local leaders as well as religious leaders who come from their respective regions or districts. | Total,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,.5,.5,.707106781186548,1,1,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548,.5,.5,.707106781186548,0,0,0,.5,.5,.707106781186548, , , ,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626, , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,  | Party politics in Malawi is largely about electing one of your own to be the helm of government and therefore regulate the flow of patronage. | Total |,1,1.66666666666667,1.15470053837925,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1, , , ,-99,2,2, ,2,2,2,2,0,-12,3,3,1,3,3,3.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,4,4,1.4142135623731,  | Last question is not applicable- not from this country. | Party positions on critical issues does not really matter in determining electoral chances of success. | Total
Malaysia,820,"United Malays National Organisation (Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu, UMNO)",1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,5,5, ,5,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5,3,3, ,3,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , 
Philippines,840,United Nationalist Alliance (UNA),1,3,3,3, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,3,3, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, We do not have grassroots-based- broadly-participatory political parties but only caricatures of a political party which are basically vehicles for political elite families. |  |  |,2,2,2, , , , ,-99,3,3,3, ,4,4,4, , , , ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , There is the built-in advantage of an incumbent candidate or party in using public resources for the campaign. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , Since there is the dominance of political elite families within the parties- the poor are effectively excluded from political decision-making. |  |  |,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , These political parties all espouse in practice the interests of the political and economic elite- differing only in degrees in conservatism or liberalism from each other. |  |  |
Zambia,551,United Party for National Development (UPND),1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,4,4, ,4,1,1, ,1, Party Organisation in Zambia is affected by the unfair Public Order Act applied by the ruling party through state agencies such as the police. |  |  |,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,1,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , MMD only fielded about two parliamentary candidates and has been split into two factions. One faction led by Felix Mutati will support PF while the Nevers Mumba faction will support UPND in the August 11- 2016 general elections. |  |  |,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , MMD is almost a dead party! |  |  |,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , The PF campaign message in 2011 was premised on 'lower taxes' and 'more money in peoples pockets'. These to date have not been achieved. Instead- Zambia is experiencing a high cost of living impacted by a high inflation rate and high taxes. |  |  |
Kenya,501,United Republican Party (URP),5,1,2,1.8,.836660026534076,1,1,2.2,1.6431676725155,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,1,1.4,.547722557505166,-99,1,1.8,1.09544511501033,4,4,3.6,.547722557505166,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,3,2.4,1.34164078649987,1,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,4,  | Parties are ethnically based led by a tribal kingpin and are seen as vehicles to acquire power. They have no ideologies that they follow to the letter. | Political legislation and internal party rules and regulations in party organisation is adequate and often in continuous positive amendment since it is just about 6 years since promulgation of Constitution 2010. Parties have been caught in between new way of organisation and traditional methods  of disorganisation and change is a bit slow. However- there is goodwill from most political leaders to embrace change but still arm-twisting by traditional influential persons to party leaders is still present thus slowing change. | The choices provided limit ability to answer specific questions; I have chosed answers that best reflect. Open ended options or others category might help provide more specific and accurate answers,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159,4,3.8,.836660026534075,3,4,4,4,0,-12,3,2.6,1.51657508881031, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958, What is happening is that the voters are given bribes.  What happens is that the members of the National Assembly candidates during elections promise to deliver - if elected -  specifics to the citizens in the constituency in which the candidate is running. | In Kenya- ethnic block voting is used as a base for political negotiations both within the party as well as in coalitions. The higher the number of your ethnic block- the bigger your voice is in a party or coalition. | Parties do not overtly promise benefits- but there is tradition that development patterns- appointment to government are skewed reflecting support. So while there are no benefits- their is evident practise that voting for the winning party guarantees some additional benefits | Party competition is based on promises to deliver material benefits to the tribes represented by the party.,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,1,.8,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,2,1.8,.447213595499958,2,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,  | The main contest of exclusion is between TNA and ODM. TNA calls for free enterprise in wealth accumulation while ODM calls for redistribution of wealth. | Two points- while there are covert politics of inclusion- parties generally do not pursue politics of exclusion. This might be contradictory- since the aim is achieved if inclusion favours certain groups- but it relates more to the dangers and desire not to be seen as outrighlty pursuing exclusion.  The final result is normally the same anyway- that groups that are not included perceive themselves as excluded.    Note also that Democratic Party has over the years dwindled in support and activity- so | Total,3,3.5,1,3,3.5,3,1.4142135623731,4,3,2.6,1.14017542509914,3,4,4.33333333333333,.577350269189626,4,3,3,1.58113883008419,-12,-12,2,2,1,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,-12,4,3.6,1.51657508881031,  | There are just two types of policy positions; TNA for status quo and ODM for redistributive justice. The rest have no strong policy positions. | TNA and URP are new parties so its not possible to measure stability of positions. I would prefer not to answer the question on how close party position aligns to my position | Total
Albania,339,"Unity for Human Rights Party (Partia Bashkimi per te Drejtat e Njeriut, PBDNj)",5,2,2.5,2.5,.577350269189626,1,1,1.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,2,2,2,0,-99,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,-12,3,2.8,.836660026534076,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534076, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,  |  The Albanian political parties have very good statutes which indicate the functioning of the local and national level organization and functioning of the party’s itself in the case of DP- SP and LSI. PDIU and PBDNJ are parties which are mainly related to ethnical and human rights issues and give these two parties a better functioning in some districts of Albania. Still- in general the internal democracy of the political parties in Albania despite their statutes and organization structure is lacking in many cases. | Under Albanian law political parties must be national organized. The law prohibits ethnic and religious parties. Most parties do not apply to internal democracy in elections and decision-making- and most of them are identified by their chairmen/leader. Parties in Albania have less ideological and programmatic differences. Actually- a third of Members of Parliament are individuals from the business world- promoted by political parties due to their financing of electoral campaigns. The parties have strong influence in the public and the state- are the main source for political careers and appointments in the administration. | Total,2,2,2,0, , , ,-99,2,2,2,0,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166, , , ,0,.4,.547722557505166,3,3,3,.707106781186548,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | Despite the ideology of the  political parties we are describing- the ways and techniques they are using for competing in electoral campaign for local or general election and to mobilize their members its almost the same for the big parties (such as DP and SP). LSI is a new phenomenon in our country which approaches the membership with a direct approach of the party leader to its members. LSI since its funding as a party never faced a defeat of power which gives this party the status of government-building factor. Less can be said for PBDNJ or PDIU. | Total |,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,1,1,0,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,1,.666666666666667,.577350269189626,0,.333333333333333,.577350269189626,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053,3,3,3,.707106781186548,  | In the first category “Extent of exclusion” lacks variant 'no' or 'partially' to respond- so I responded with 'do not know' | Total |,2.5,2.5,2.12132034355964,-12,3,3, ,3,1.5,1.5,.707106781186548,-12,2,2, ,2,1,1.33333333333333,.577350269189626,1,1,1,1,0,3,3,2.75,.5,3,3,3,.816496580927726,1,1,1.8,1.30384048104053,  | There is a huge difference between their papers and written positions and their real work. All parties in opposition are more democratically orientated- when they come to power they become more and more autocratic - now difference between left and right in general. Mostly very neo-liberal orientated. | When asked about immigration: Albania didn't have / doesn't have any debate on immigration issue- so the political parties have no clear position on this point | Total
Kenya,501,Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya (WDM-K),5,3,2,1.8,.447213595499958,1,1,1.8,1.30384048104053,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,2,2,1.8,.447213595499958,-99,3,2.2,1.09544511501033,4,4,3.6,.894427190999916,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,3,2.4,1.34164078649987,1,4,3.4,1.34164078649987,4,  | Parties are ethnically based led by a tribal kingpin and are seen as vehicles to acquire power. They have no ideologies that they follow to the letter. | Political legislation and internal party rules and regulations in party organisation is adequate and often in continuous positive amendment since it is just about 6 years since promulgation of Constitution 2010. Parties have been caught in between new way of organisation and traditional methods  of disorganisation and change is a bit slow. However- there is goodwill from most political leaders to embrace change but still arm-twisting by traditional influential persons to party leaders is still present thus slowing change. | The choices provided limit ability to answer specific questions; I have chosed answers that best reflect. Open ended options or others category might help provide more specific and accurate answers,-12,3,3,1.22474487139159,4,3.8,.836660026534075,3,4,4,4,0,-12,2.5,2.5,1.73205080756888, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958, , , , , , ,0,0,0, , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,4,4,3.6,.894427190999916,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958, What is happening is that the voters are given bribes.  What happens is that the members of the National Assembly candidates during elections promise to deliver - if elected -  specifics to the citizens in the constituency in which the candidate is running. | In Kenya- ethnic block voting is used as a base for political negotiations both within the party as well as in coalitions. The higher the number of your ethnic block- the bigger your voice is in a party or coalition. | Parties do not overtly promise benefits- but there is tradition that development patterns- appointment to government are skewed reflecting support. So while there are no benefits- their is evident practise that voting for the winning party guarantees some additional benefits | Party competition is based on promises to deliver material benefits to the tribes represented by the party.,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,0,.2,.447213595499958,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,0,0,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,2,1.75,.5,2,.5,.5,.577350269189626,0,.25,.5,.5,.5,.577350269189626,1,.75,.5,0,.25,.5,0,0,0,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,.2,.447213595499958,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,0,0, , , , , , ,0,0,0,0,.4,.547722557505166,1,.6,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,.4,.547722557505166,0,0,0,4,4,3.6,.894427190999916,4,4,3.8,.447213595499958,  | The main contest of exclusion is between TNA and ODM. TNA calls for free enterprise in wealth accumulation while ODM calls for redistribution of wealth. | Two points- while there are covert politics of inclusion- parties generally do not pursue politics of exclusion. This might be contradictory- since the aim is achieved if inclusion favours certain groups- but it relates more to the dangers and desire not to be seen as outrighlty pursuing exclusion.  The final result is normally the same anyway- that groups that are not included perceive themselves as excluded.    Note also that Democratic Party has over the years dwindled in support and activity- so | Total,3,2.75,.5,3,4,3.75,.5,4,2,2.25,1.25830573921179,2,2,2.33333333333333,.577350269189626,2,2,2.4,1.14017542509914,2,1,1,1.6,.894427190999916,4,3,2.8,1.30384048104053,-12,3,3.2,.836660026534075,-12,3,3.4,1.51657508881031,  | There are just two types of policy positions; TNA for status quo and ODM for redistributive justice. The rest have no strong policy positions. | TNA and URP are new parties so its not possible to measure stability of positions. I would prefer not to answer the question on how close party position aligns to my position | Total
Brazil,140,"Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT)",1,2,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,1,1,1, ,-99,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , , , ,-99, , , ,-99, ,4,4,4, , , , ,-99,4,4,4, ,-99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, , , , ,2,2, ,2,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , ,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5,2,2, ,2,2,2, ,2,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, , 
Zimbabwe,552,Zimbabwe African Peoples Union-Federal Party (ZAPU),1,1,4,4, ,1,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,-99,1,1, ,2,2,2, ,4,4,4, ,7,7, ,7,2,2, ,2, Parties are organised around their leaders- as such all organisation activities will reflect the wills of its leadership. Party policies exist party they are not respected or adhered to especially by the ruling party. |  |  |,4,4,4, ,3,3, ,3,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, ,0,0, , , , ,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,3,3,3, , The ruling party ZANU PF is the one which brazenly will use 'state resources' to mobilise voters eg through targeted relief food distribution. ZANU PF mainly uses government structures as exchange mechanism.  The opposition parties struggle to do this due to limited resources. |  |  |,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,0,0, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,2,2,2, ,3,3,3, , Political exclusion is something normally hidden in parties- it is undocumented but is observable when the parties campaign or implement their activities. There are instances where ethnic and religious groups are included in a 'token manner' yet the particular party intends to sideline and alienate them |  |  |,3,3, ,3,3,3, ,3, , , ,-99, , , ,-99,1,1, ,1,1,1,1, ,3,3,3, ,2,2,2, ,1,1,1, , -99 |  |  |
Zimbabwe,552,Zimbabwe African Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF),1,1,1,1, ,1,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,1,1,1, ,-99,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4,4, ,4,4,4, ,4, Parties are organised around their leaders- as such all organisation activities will reflect the wills of its leadership. Party policies exist party they are not respected or adhered to especially by the ruling party. |  |  |,4,4,4, ,1,1, ,1,4,4,4, ,4,4,4, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , ,0,0, ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , The ruling party ZANU PF is the one which brazenly will use 'state resources' to mobilise voters eg through targeted relief food distribution. ZANU PF mainly uses government structures as exchange mechanism.  The opposition parties struggle to do this due to limited resources. |  |  |,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,2,2, ,2, , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,0,0, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,1,1, ,1,1, ,1,1, , , , , , , ,4,4,4, ,3,3,3, , Political exclusion is something normally hidden in parties- it is undocumented but is observable when the parties campaign or implement their activities. There are instances where ethnic and religious groups are included in a 'token manner' yet the particular party intends to sideline and alienate them |  |  |,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,5,5, ,5,4,4, ,4,5,5, ,5,1,1,1, ,4,4,4, ,2,2,2, ,2,2,2, , -99 |  |  |