Metadata and additional information for dataset: ÒSkills Underlying Mathematics: Executive functions and components of mathematicsÓ

Data were originally collected from 75 Year 1 pupils, 84 Year 4 pupils, 67 Year 7 pupils, 67 Year 9 pupils and 75 18-25-year-olds (OriginalAdults). Thirty-five of the original sample of adults spoke English as a second language (ESL). Initial analyses revealed that this was influencing the results, particularly on the verbal tasks. As a result, data was collected from a further 35 monolingual adults (NewAdults). The coding as to which participants are ESL can be found in the Yr4plus_SUMMARYFILE.csv. 

Data were collected on a large battery of mathematics and executive function tasks. These were organised into 4 blocks of tasks as listed below. Half of the participants were administered the tasks in the order ABCD and the other half in the order CDAB. 

A-Verbal short-term memory
A-Dot comparison
A-WASI Matrices
A-Speeded Recall
B-Conceptual Understanding
B-Animal Stroop
B-Verbal working memory
C-Visuospatial short-term memory
C-WIAT Mathematical Reasoning
C- Card Sort
D-Strategy Task
D-Visual Search
D-Visuospatial working memory
End of B/D-Numerical Operations
End-Maths Anxiety
End-BRIEF

This dataset consists of 44 files in addition to this ReadMe file. 38 .csv files, organised into .zip folders by task, contain data, 2 .txt files contain descriptions of all of the tasks and 2 .pdf files provide examples of information and consent forms for participants. 2 .zip files contain recordings of all of the strategy and conceptual understanding tasks. 

The remaining text below provides further details on the contents of the .csv data files.

Data File 1: Yr1_SUMMARYFILE Ð contains participant information and summary variables of the tasks completed by Year 1 participants. 

Participant: Unique participant number

Age: Age at testing as a decimal

Gender: 
0 = male
1 = female

YearGroup: School year group. 
1 = year 1

MT.Raw: Raw score on the matrices subtest of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence

MT.SS: Standardised score on the matrices subtest of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence


NO.Raw: Raw score on the numerical operations subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test.

NO.SS: Standardised score on the numerical operations subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test.

MR.Raw: Raw score on the mathematical reasoning subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. 

MR.SS: Standardised score on the mathematical reasoning subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. 

NR.Less3s: Proportion of numbers correctly recognised on the number recognition task

NR.Less3s.grouped: 
1 = not all numbers correctly recognised
2 = all numbers correctly recognised

CT.Accuracy: Proportion of correct trials on the counting task.

ST.Cards.Mean.Acc: Proportion of correct answers on the abstract arithmetic/strategy task

ST.Cards.Proportion.Retrieval: Proportion of trials on the abstract arithmetic/strategy task where a retrieval strategy was used

ST.Cards.Proportion.Retrieval.Grouped: 
1 = low use
2 = high use
(based on median split)

ST.Cards.Proportion.Counting: Proportion of trials on the abstract arithmetic/strategy task where a counting strategy was used

ST.Cards.Proportion.Counting.Grouped: 
1 = low use
2 = high use
(based on median split)

ST.Cards.Proportion.FingersTools: Proportion of trials on the abstract arithmetic/strategy task where fingers or tools were used

ST.Cards.Proportion.FingersTools.Grouped: 
1 = low use
2 = high use
(based on median split)

CL.Rolo.Mean.Acc: Proportion of correct relationships identified on the conceptual understanding task

DC.DifferenceScoreAcc: Accuracy on congruent trials in the dot comparison task Ð Accuracy on incongruent trials in the dot comparison task.

AS.DifferenceScoreRT: RT on incongruent trials in the Animal Stroop task Ð RT on congruent trials in the Animal Stroop task. The median Response Time was calculated for correct trials, excluding the first trial of each block. 

CS.Proportion.Sort1: The proportion of trials on which a correct first pairing was identified on the cognitive flexibility card sort task. 

CS.Proportion.Sort2: The proportion of trials on which a correct second pairing was identified on the cognitive flexibility card sort task. 

VerSTM.Score: Number of correctly recalled words (in correct order) on the verbal short-term memory task.

VerWM.Proc.MedianRT: Median Response Time for all trials on the verbal processing task.

VerWM.Store.Score Number of correctly recalled words (in correct order) on the verbal working memory task.

VisuoSTM.Score: Number of correctly recalled locations (in correct order) on the visuospatial short-term memory task.

VisuoWM.Proc.MedianRT: Median Response Time for all trials on the visuospatial processing task.

VisuoWM.Store.Score Number of correctly recalled locations (in correct order) on the visuospatial working memory task.

VS.uniqueTargetCount.Mean: The mean number of unique targets identified across the three trials of the visual search task.

VS.medianRT.mean: The Response Time in seconds between selecting targets. The median was calculated for each trial and then the mean value across the three trials was calculated. 

VS.totalTime.mean: The average time taken to complete a trial on the visual search task.

VS.meanDistance.mean: The mean distance between animals selected across trials on the visual search task. 

Data File 2: Yr4plus_SummaryFile Ð contains participant information and summary variables of the tasks completed by participants in Year 4 and above. 

Participant: Unique participant number

Age: Age at testing as a decimal

YearGroup: School year group. 
4 = year 4
7 = year 7 
9 = year 9
14 = adults

Gender: 
0 = male
1 = female

ESL: Whether participants speak English as a second language
0 = no
1 = yes

AdultGroup: Group of adults tested
0 = original group tested, English as first language
1 = original group tested, English as second language
2 = new group tested, English as first language

MT.Raw: Raw score on the matrices subtest of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence

NO.Raw: Raw score on the numerical operations subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test.

MR.Raw: Raw score on the mathematical reasoning subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. 

SR.Acc.Less3s: Proportion of answers correctly recalled in under 3 seconds on the Factual knowledge/Speeded recall task.

ST.Mean.Acc: Proportion of correct answers on the Procedural skills/Strategy task.

ST.Mean.RT: Mean Response Time for correct answers on the Procedural skills/Strategy task.

CL.Mean.Acc: Proportion of correct answers on the Conceptual knowledge task.

VerSTM.Score: Number of correctly recalled words (in correct order) on the verbal short-term memory task.

VerWM.Proc.MedianRT: Median Response Time for all trials on the verbal processing task.

VerWM.Store.Score Number of correctly recalled words (in correct order) on the verbal working memory task.

VisuoSTM.Score: Number of correctly recalled locations (in correct order) on the visuospatial short-term memory task.

VisuoWM.Proc.MedianRT: Median Response Time for all trials on the visuospatial processing task.

VisuoWM.Store.Score Number of correctly recalled locations (in correct order) on the visuospatial working memory task.

DC.DifferenceScoreAcc: Accuracy on congruent trials in the dot comparison task Ð Accuracy on incongruent trials in the dot comparison task.

AS.Overall.DifferenceScoreRT: RT on incongruent trials in the Animal Stroop task Ð RT on congruent trials in the Animal Stroop task. The median Response Time was calculated for correct trials, excluding the first trial of each block. 

NC.TotalErrorsRaw: The number of errors made on the NEPSY Animal Sorting task.

NC.Mean.SortTime: The mean Response Time in seconds for a participant to complete a sort in the NEPSY Animal Sorting task. 

VS.uniqueTargetCount.Mean: The mean number of unique targets identified across the three trials of the visual search task.

VS.medianRT.mean: The Response Time in seconds between selecting targets. The median was calculated for each trial and then the mean value across the three trials was calculated. 

Data File 3: Yr1_Number Recognition Ð Trial-by-trial data for the number recognition task completed by the Year 1 participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

date: date of testing

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

ProbNum: problem identifier

correctAnswer: correct answer

Practice: Y = practice trial, N = test trial

Size of number: sm = small, med = medium, lrg = large

Response: participantÕs response

RT: response time in seconds

Accuracy: 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect

Accuracy: correct answer given in under 3 seconds. 1 = yes, 0 = no


Data File 4: Yr1_CountingStrategyConceptual Ð Trial-by-trial data for the counting, abstract arithmetic/strategy, and conceptual understanding tasks completed by the Year 1 participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

Counting [n]: Accuracy on trial [n] of counting task. 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect

Strategy[n].acc: Accuracy on trial [n] of strategy task. 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect

Strategy[n].strat: Strategy used on trial [n] of strategy task. 
1 = retrieval
2 = tools: general
3 = tools: number line
4 = tools: counters
5 = counting: general
6 = counting: count all with fingers
7 = counting: count on with fingers
8 = counting: count all no fingers
9 = counting: count on no fingers
10 = decomposition: general
11 = decomposition: 10s and units
12 = decomposition: seq-split 2nd
13 = decomposition: round up/down
14 = decomposition: times table (for multiple/divide)
15 = decomposition: use add/subtract for multiply/divide
16 = decomposition: multiple multiplication steps
99 = cannot be categorised. 

Con[n].acc = if participant correctly stated whether the example problem could help the puppet solve the probe problem on trial [n] of the conceptual understanding task. 
1= correct
0 = incorrect

Con[n].reason = if participant gave the correct reason for why example problem could help the puppet solve the probe problem on trial [n] of the conceptual understanding task.
1= correct
0 = incorrect

Zip File 1: Yr4plus_SpeededRecall. Contains SpeededRecall_Yr4/Yr7/Yr9/OriginalAdults/NewAdults Ð Trial-by-trial data for the factual knowledge/speeded recall task completed by participants in Year 4 and above.

Participant: Unique participant number

date: date of testing

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

Practice: Y = practice trial, N = test trial

ProbNum: problem identifier

correctAnswer: correct answer

Is it an easy problem? Y = yes, N = no

Type: Type of operation (Add/Subtract/Multiply/Divide)

Size of number: sm = small, med = medium, lrg = large

Response: participantÕs response

RT: response time in seconds


Accuracy: 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect

Accuracy: correct answer given in under 3 seconds. 1 = yes, 0 = no

Zip File 2: Yr4plus_Strategy. Contains strategy_Yr4/Yr7/Yr9/OriginalAdults/NewAdults and Yr4plus_StrategyCodes. 

Data Files 2.1-2.5: strategy_Yr4/Yr7/Yr9/OriginalAdults/NewAdults Ð Trial-by-trial data for the procedural skill/strategy task completed by participants in Year 4 and above.

Participant: Unique participant number

date: date of testing

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

Problem: sum presented to participant

Practice: Y = practice trial, N = test trial

ProbNum: problem identifier

correctAnswer: correct answer

Response: participantÕs response

RT: response time in seconds

Accuracy: 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect

Order: order in which participant completed the sums. 1= forwards order, 2 = backwards order

Data File 2.6: Yr4plus_StrategyCodes. Strategy codes for each trial of the strategy task for all participants in Year 4 and above except the new sample of adults. 

Participant: Unique participant number

Strategy[n].strat: Strategy used on trial [n] of strategy task. 
1 = retrieval
2 = tools: general
3 = tools: number line
4 = tools: counters
5 = counting: general
6 = counting: count all with fingers
7 = counting: count on with fingers
8 = counting: count all no fingers
9 = counting: count on no fingers
10 = decomposition: general
11 = decomposition: 10s and units
12 = decomposition: seq-split 2nd
13 = decomposition: round up/down
14 = decomposition: times table (for multiply/divide)
15 = decomposition: use add/subtract for multiply/divide
16 = decomposition: multiple multiplication steps 
99 = cannot be categorised. 


Zip File 3: Yr4plus_Conceptual. Contains Conceptual_Yr4_Acc&Reason, Conceptual_Yr7/Yr9/OriginalAdults/NewAdults  and Yr7plus_ConceptualReasons

Data File 3.1: Yr4_Acc&Reason. Trial-by-trial data for the non-computerised conceptual knowledge task completed by the Year 4 participants

Participant: Unique participant number

Con[n].acc = if participant correctly stated whether the example problem could help the puppet solve the probe problem on trial [n] of the conceptual understanding task. 
1= correct
0 = incorrect

Con[n].reason = if participant gave the correct reason for why example problem could help the puppet solve the probe problem on trial [n] of the conceptual understanding task.
1= correct
0 = incorrect

Data Files 3.2-3.5: Conceptual_Yr7/Yr9/OriginalAdults/NewAdults Ð Trial-by-trial data for the conceptual knowledge task completed by participants in Year 7 and above.

Participant: Unique participant number

date: date of testing

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

Practice: Y = practice trial, N = test trial

Example Problem: first sum presented to participant

correctAnswer: correct answer

Type of Relationship: way in which the example problem and test problem are related

Test Problem: second sum presented to participant
Related Y/N: Whether the example and test problem are related. Y = yes, N = no

ProblemNumber: problem identifier

Response: participantÕs response

Accuracy: 1 = correct, 0 = incorrect

RT: response time in seconds

Order: order in which participant completed the sums. 

Data File 3.6: Yr7plus_ConceptualReasons Ð codes for whether the participant correctly identified the relationship between problems in the conceptual understanding task. Data for all participant in Year 7 and above except for the new group of adults. 

Participant: Unique participant number

Con[n].reason = if participant gave the correct reason for why example problem could help solve the test problem on trial [n] of the conceptual understanding task.
1= correct
0 = incorrect

Data File 4: Yr1plus_DotComparison Ð Trial-by-trial data for the dot comparison task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

date: date of testing

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

Ratio between arrays: The ratio between the number of dots presented on the left and right side of the screen

Rightimage: filename of the image presented on the right side of the screen

Leftimage: filename of the image presented on the left side of the screen

Left number: number of dots presented on the left side of the screen

Correct Answer: correct key for the participant to press

Correctside: The side of the screen on which the most dots were presented. R = right, L = left.

Right Number: number of dots presented on the right side of the screen

Problem Number: problem identifier

Image Type: 
1 = fully congruent; both envelope/convex hull and dot size bigger for side with most dots
2 = envelope/convex hull congruent, dot size incongruent with number of dots
3 = dot size congruent, envelope/convex hull incongruent with number of dots
4 = fully incongruent; both envelope/convex hull and dot size smaller for size with most dots

Response: response made by the participant

Accuracy: Whether the participant correctly identified which side of the screen contained the most dots. 0 = incorrect, 1 = correct

RT: response time in seconds (it was possible for participants to prepare their response before it could be recorded, therefore this variable may not be accurate). 

Data File 5: Yr1plus_VerbalSTM ÐTrial-by-trial data for the verbal short term memory task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VerSTM.Span: Length of word list that participants were required to remember

VerSTM.SpanCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all words in the correct order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VerSTM.ProportionScore: Proportion of correctly recalled words in the correct list location 

VerSTM.words.Score: Total number of correctly recalled words in the correct list location 

VerSTM.ItemCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all of the words, irrespective of the order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VerSTM.ProportionItemScore: Proportion of correctly recalled words irrespective of order

VerSTM.words.ItemScore: Total number of correctly recalled words irrespective of order

Data File 6: Yr1plus_VerbalWM ÐTrial-by-trial data for the verbal working memory task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VerWM.Span: Length of word list that participants were required to remember

VerWM.SpanCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all words in the correct order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VerWM.ProportionScore: Proportion of correctly recalled words in the correct list location 

VerWM.words.Score: Total number of correctly recalled words in the correct list location 

VerWM.ItemCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all of the words, irrespective of the order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VerWM.ProportionItemScore: Proportion of correctly recalled words irrespective of order

VerWM.words.ItemScore: Total number of correctly recalled words irrespective of order

Data File 7: Yr1plus_VerbalProcessing ÐTrial-by-trial data for the verbal processing task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VerWM.Proc.Block: 
verbalProcessingPrac = practice trial
verbalProcessingStart = processing only trials presented before working memory task
verbalSpan = processing trials within verbal working memory task
verbalProcessingEnd = processing only trials presented after working memory task

VerWM.Proc.Span: Length of word list that participants were required to remember within verbal working memory task

VerWM.Proc.Trial: order in which trials were presented within each block

VerWM.Proc.SentenceDuration: length of sentence for which participants were required to provide the final word

VerWM.Proc.RT: response time to produce the final word of the sentence

TrialType: Identifiers for processing only trials
start: processing only trials presented before working memory task
end: processing only trials presented after working memory task

Data File 8: Yr1plus_VisuospatialSTM ÐTrial-by-trial data for the visuospatial short term memory task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VisuoSTM.Span: Length of locations list that participants were required to remember
0 = practice

VisuoSTM.Trial: Trial number within each span length block

VisuoSTM.CorrectAnswer: Codes for correct sequence of grid locations 

VisuoSTM.ResponseSequence: Codes for sequence of grid locations given by participant

VisuoSTM.SpanCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all locations in the correct order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VisuoSTM.ProportionScore: Proportion of correctly recalled locations in the correct place within the list

VisuoSTM.Locations.Score: Total number of correctly recalled locations in the correct place within the list (Span * ProportionScore)

VisuoSTM.ItemCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all of the locations, irrespective of the order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VisuoSTM.ProportionItemScore: Proportion of correctly recalled locations irrespective of order

VerSTM.Locations.ItemScore: Total number of correctly recalled locations irrespective of order (Span * ProportionItemScore)

Data File 9: Yr1plus_VisuospatialWM ÐTrial-by-trial data for the visuospatial working memory task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VisuoWM.Span: Length of locations list that participants were required to remember
0 = practice

VisuoWM.CorrectAnswer: Codes for correct sequence of grid locations 

VisuoWM.ClickSequence: Codes for sequence of grid locations given by participant

VisuoWM.SpanCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all locations in the correct order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VisuoWM.ProportionScore: Proportion of correctly recalled locations in the correct place within the list

VisuoWM.Locations.Score: Total number of correctly recalled locations in the correct place within the list (Span * ProportionScore)

VisuoWM.ItemCorrect: Indication of whether participants recalled all of the locations, irrespective of the order. 1 = yes, 2 = no

VisuoWM.ProportionItemScore: Proportion of correctly recalled locations irrespective of order

VerWM.Locations.ItemScore: Total number of correctly recalled locations irrespective of order (Span * ProportionItemScore)

Data File 10: Yr1plus_VisuospatialProcessing ÐTrial-by-trial data for the visuospatial processing task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VisuoWM.Proc.Block: 
processingPrac = practice trial
processingOnly = processing only trials presented before visuospatial working memory task
spatialSpanPractice = processing trials within visuospatial working memory task practice blocks
spatialSpan = processing trials within visuospatial working memory task 
processingOnlyEnd = processing only trials presented after visuospatial working memory task

VisuoWM.Proc.Span: Length of locations list that participants were required to remember within visuospatial working memory task (0 = processing only or practice)

VisuoWM.Proc.Trial: order in which trials were presented within each block

VisuoWM.Proc.CorrectAnswer: code for grid location in which odd one out was presented

VisuoWM.Proc.Response: code for grid location participant selected

VisuoWM.Proc.RT: response time to select the grid location that contained the odd one out

VisuoWM.Proc.CorrectSquare: Indicator of whether the participant selected the correct grid location.
1 = yes
2 = no

Data File 11: Yr1_AnimalStroop Ð Trial-by-trial data for the short version of the Animal Stroop task completed by the Year 1 participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

Stimuli1: filename of the image presented on the left side of the screen. 
s = small animal
b = big animal

Stimuli2: filename of the image presented on the right side of the screen
s = small animal
b = big animal

correctResponse: correct key for the participant to press

TrialCongruency: Congruency of trial 
0 = incongruent
1= congruent

BlockCongruency: Whether block contains mostly congruent or mostly incongruent trials
Congruent = 75% of trials are congruent
Incongruent = 75% of trials are incongruent

Response: response made by the participant

Accuracy: Whether the participant correctly identified which side of the screen contained the larger animal in real life. 0 = incorrect, 1 = correct

RT: response time in seconds 

Data File 12: Yr4plus_AnimalStroop Ð Trial-by-trial data for the Animal Stroop task completed by participants in Year 4 and above.

Participant: Unique participant number

TrialNumber: order in which trials were presented

Stimuli1: filename of the image presented on the left side of the screen. 
s = small animal
b = big animal

Stimuli2: filename of the image presented on the right side of the screen
s = small animal
b = big animal

correctResponse: correct key for the participant to press

TrialCongruency: Congruency of trial 
0 = incongruent
1= congruent

BlockCongruency: Whether block contains mostly congruent or mostly incongruent trials
Congruent = 75% of trials are congruent
Incongruent = 75% of trials are incongruent

Response: response made by the participant

Accuracy: Whether the participant correctly identified which side of the screen contained the larger animal in real life. 0 = incorrect, 1 = correct

RT: response time in seconds 

Data File 13: Yr1plus_VisualSearch Ð Trial-by-trial data for the Visual Search task completed by all participants.

Participant: Unique participant number

VS.s[n].targets: codes for targets selected by the participant on trial [n]

VS.s[n].times: cumulative time in seconds at which participants selected a target on trial [n]

VS.s[n].rts: time in seconds between the selection of targets on trial [n]

VS.s[n].distance: distance between targets selected on trial [n]

VS.s[n].uniqueTargets: codes for targets selected by the participant on trial [n] without repeats

VS.s[n].uniqueTargetCount: sum of unique targets selected by participants on trial [n]

VS.s[n].targetRepeat: sum of targets selected more than once by participants on trial [n]

VS.s[n].distracterCount: sum of number of distracters erroneously selected by participants on trial [n]

VS.s[n].meanRT: mean response time between target selections on trial [n]

VS.s[n].medianRT: median response time between target selections on trial [n]

VS.s[n].totalTime: total time spent searching for targets on trial [n]

VS.s[n].meanDistance: mean distance between targets selected on trial [n]

Data File 14: Yr1_CardSort Ð Trial by trial data for the cognitive flexibility card sort task completed by the Year 1 participants.

CardSort_CorrectFirstSorts: Number of correct first sorts on the cognitive flexibility card sort task. 

CardSort_CorrectSecondSorts: Number of correct second sorts on the cognitive flexibility card sort task. 


Data File 15: Yr4plus_NEPSYcardsort Ð Full data for the NEPSY animal sorting/card sort task completed by participants in Year 4 and above.

Participant: Unique participant number

CardSort_NovelSortErrorsRaw: Number of incorrect sorts

CardSort_RepeatedSortErrorsRaw: Number of correct but repeated sorts

CardSort_TotalErrorsRaw: Number of incorrect and repeated sorts combined

CardSort_TotalCorrectSortsRaw: Number of correct sorts (max = 12)

CardSort_TotalCorrestSortsSS: Scaled score of total correct sorts

CardSort_CombinedScaledScore: Integrates the total correct sorts scaled score and the total errors percentile rank

CardSort_MeanSortTime: Mean sort time in seconds between sorts

CardSort_TotalSortTime: Total time taken to complete all sorts.  

Data File 16: Yr1and4plus_MathsAnxiety Ð Question by question data for the Child Maths Anxiety Questionnaire, or CMAQ (Ramirez, Gunderson, Levine & Beilock, 2013).

Participant: Unique participant number

MathsAnxietyQ[n] Ð code for participant response

MathsAnxietyQ[n] Ð The participant circles the face that best matches how they feel to the scenarios provided.

1 = Very nervous
2 = Semi-nervous
3 = Neutral 
4 = Happy 
5= Very happy


Data File 17: Yr7plus_MathsAnxiety Ð Question by question data for the Mathematics Anxiety Scale-Revised, or MAS-R (Bai et al., 2009)

Participant: Unique participant number

MathsAnxietyQ[n] Ð the extent to which the participant agrees with the statement given.

1 = Strongly Disagree 
2 = Disagree 
3 = Neutral 
4 = Agree 
5= Strongly Agree

Zip File 4: BRIEF. Contains BRIEF_Yr1and4.csv, BRIEF_Yr7and9.csv and BRIEF_OriginalAdults.csv (BRIEF scores are not available for the new sample of adults tested)

Data File 4.1: BRIEF_yr1and4 Ð subscale raw and T scores (M=50, SD=10) on clinical and validity scales of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (teacher version).

Participant: Unique participant number 

Clinical scales:

Inhibit 
Shift 
Emotional Control 
Initiate 
Working Memory 
Plan/Organize 
Organization of Materials 
Monitor 
Behavioural regulation index (inhibit, shift, emotional control)
Metacognition index (initiate, working memory, plan/organise, organisation of materials, monitor)
Global executive composite (summary score of all clinical scales)

Validity scales:

Negativity score (acceptable scores are in range 0-4)
Inconsistency score (acceptable scores are in range 0-7)

Data File 4.2: BRIEF_yr7and9 Ð subscale raw and T scores (M=50, SD=10) on clinical and validity scales of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Self Report.

Participant: Unique participant number 

Clinical scales:

Inhibit 
Shift 
Emotional Control 
Monitor 
Behavioural regulation index (inhibit, shift, emotional control, monitor)
Working Memory 
Plan/Organize 
Organization of Materials 
task completion
Metacognition index (working memory, plan/organise, organisation of materials, task completion)
Global executive composite (summary score of all clinical scales)
Behavioural shift
cognitive shift

Validity scales:

Negativity score (acceptable scores are in range 0-5)
Inconsistency score (acceptable scores are in range 0-8)

Data File 4.3: BRIEF_OriginalAdults Ð subscale raw and T scores (M=50, SD=10) on clinical and validity scales of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult.

Participant: Unique participant number 

Clinical scales:

Inhibit 
Shift 
Emotional Control 
Self-monitor 
Behavioural regulation index (inhibit, shift, emotional control, self-monitor)
Initiate
Working Memory 
Plan/Organize 
Task Monitor
Organization of Materials 
Metacognition index (initiate, working memory, plan/organise, task monitor organisation of materials)
Global executive composite (summary score of all clinical scales)

Validity scales:

Negativity score (acceptable scores are in range 0-5)
Inconsistency score (acceptable scores are in range 0-7)
Infrequency score (acceptable scores are in range 0-2)