Data directory
Space, Markets and Employment in Agricultural Development 
Dneves@plaas.org.za
Introduction:
This text serves as a data directory of the diverse (qualitative and quantitative) research materials lodged with the UK data archive as part of the ESRC funded Space Markets and Employment in Agricultural Development project.
In the text that follows each of the files lodged in the archive is discussed.  Each file is described and discussed in terms of the following headings: 
i. File name: This is the name of the electronic file; it sequentially includes project name (SMEAD) country in which the data was collected, a brief description of the material and the date on which it was finalized.
ii. Title of document: This is the name of the document or spreadsheet contained in the electronic file itself.  It generally references the title at the top of the document or spreadsheet verbatim, and overlaps frequently with the file name.
iii. Contents of data file: This is a brief discussion of the contents of the document, what the document contains and where relevant the relationship between the data contained in the document and other project data.  Where Excel spreadsheets with multiple sheets are included in the file, each is discussed individually.  The relationship to other files is briefly indicated in this description too; typically these are files that document other aspects or linkages in the ÔupstreamÕ or ÔdownstreamÕ agricultural production networks. 
iv. Overview: Finally, the specific content of the document is described, using descriptions internal to the document such as case study titles, or the column headings in the case of much of the quantitative data.  Where they are not entirely self explanatory column headings are described.
The data files are ordered as follows, across the three country contexts in which the research was conducted. 
* 3 files of Malawi derived country data
* 3 files of South Africa derived country data
* 10 files of Zimbabwe derived country data



File name: SMEADMalawiAreaProfileReporti042014 
Title of document: Qualitative interview for area profiles Ð Mchinji district 
Contents of data file: One of two files containing data collected in Malawi.  A long document containing a contextual discussion of the qualitative interview data conducted in the Mchinji district.  The file includes data on enterprises (businesses) in the village, social amenities, and organisations and institutions in the focal research-context villages.  Much of the data collected in interviews with traditional authorities / headman, used to contextualize the subsequent household and enterprise level of analysis, contained in the other two Malawi files, namely SMEADMalawiSmallholderSummariesReport042014
and SMEADMalawiEstateSummariesReport042014
Overview:
* Case study 1. Traditional Authority: MÕduwa, conducted with Group Village Headman: Kazira, in the village named Kazira (date June 2013) 
* Case study 2. Traditional Authority: MÕduwa, conducted with Group Village Headman Saidi Village, in the village named Chibophe  (date June, 2013)
* Case study 3. Traditional Authority: Mlonyeni Group Village Headman: Kapita, in the village named Chaferamthengo (date 17 June, 2013)



File name. SMEADMalawiEstateSummariesReport042014
Title of document: Qualitative interview summaries for Estate enterprise Units Mchinji district. 
Contents of data file:  A large data file that includes case studies from four EHU (Enterprise household units), of large-scale commercial estates within Malawi. Data used to contextualize the subsequent household and (especially) enterprise level of analysis.  Each of the four case studies below (one case study per Estate) narrates and describes the applicable successive ÔlinkagesÕ into the input, output (marketing) and employment-related networks (i.e. employees).    It traces the upstream and downstream linkages from these producers, in order to explicate the livelihood and employment impacts therein.
This data is counter-posed with the data collected from small-scale producers (ÔsmallholdersÕ) within Malawi summarized in the file entitled: SMEADMalawiSmallholderSummariesReport042014
Overview: 
Case study 1. E 57 (Sunflower production estate) 
* Introduction
* Sunflower Production
* Sunflower Marketing 
* Social Relations at E57
Second Tier Links to E57
* Case of JM Permanent Employee at E57 (EAL) 
* Case of RC employee of EAL, E57
* Case of RS Ð Employee of E57 (EAL)
* Case of DMÐ Employee (Labourer) at E57 (EAL)
* Case of EHU 2 Ð MM: (Permanent Kapitawo) Ð ((Work) Gang Leader)
Third Tier Links to E57 
* Case of EHU 3 ÐCB: (Expenditure Link Ð grocery to EHU 2 MM)
* Case of EHU 3 Ð EM: (Expenditure link (grocery) to EHU 2 Ð JM) 
* Case of JJ (Expenditure link Ð grocery to EHU 2 ÐRC)

2. Case Study 2: LE (Flue Cured Tobacco)
* Introduction
* Flue Cured tobacco production 
* Labour involvement in tobacco production 
* Conditions of employment 
* Harvesting / reaping
* Financial transactions
* Marketing
Main Second Tier Links to LE
* Case of GK EHU 2Ð labourer at LE EHU 1
* Case of IMÐ Office Clerk at LE
* Case of WC Ð Employee (Builder) at LE
* Case of EHU 2 Ð DM: Estate Supervisor at LE 
* Case of EHU 2 Ð AS:  Employee at LE
Main Third Tier Link/s to LE
* Case of IS Expenditure Link Ð grocery

3. Case Study 3. EHU 1 Ð KE (Soy beans) 
Introduction
* Soya beans production
* Employment at KE
* Competition
* Other activities available at KE
Main Second Tier Links to LE
* Case of CY Ð Tenant at KE
* Case of MR CY:  Tenant Worker
* Case of CJ Employee (Kapitawo) at KE
* Case of RS Employee (Kapitawo) at KE 
* Case of ZK Estate Employee under Contract farming Ð KE  
* Case of CS Employee - Labourer at KE 
Main Third Tier Links to LE
* Case of EHU 3 ÐRM: Employee of ZK EHU 2
* Case of EHU 3 Ð RK:  Grocery Owner at KE

Case study 4 E74 (Flue cured tobacco)
* Introduction
* Production processes of flue cured tobacco
* The EstateÕs human resources
* Conditions of employment
* Remmuneartion
* Catchment area of workers
* The Estates produciton in a season
* Competition
* Flue cured tobacco marekt
* Social responsibility
Main Second tier links to E74
* Case of HC Estate supervisor at E74
* Case of KW Tractor driver at E74
* Case of Head Kapitawao at E74
* Case of AL - casual worker at E74
* Case of LF causal employee at E74
Main third tier links to E74
* Case of EHU 3 CK: Expenditure (grocery) link to EHU 2 



File name: SMEADMalawiSmallholderSummariesReport042014

Title of document: Qualitative interview summaries for smallholder enterprise household units Mchinji District 

Content of data file: An introduction and overview of local political economy within the Mchinji district of Malawi.  Includes discussion of history, explication of the central industries, the nature of local and distant markets and finally, governance within the focal research area.  The file then proceeds to present data on small scale (smallholder) household enterprises within the villages of the focal Mchinji district.   It also traces the upstream and downstream linkages from these producers, in order to explicate the livelihood and employment impacts therein.
This data is counter-posed with the data collected from large scale (viz. Estate producers) within Malawi summarized in the file entitled: SMEADMalawiEstateSummariesReport042014
Overview:
Discussion of smallholder producers (indicated by initials) includes a map, a household/enterprise history and account of household composition and discussion of income, upstream linkages, downstream linkages, employment, labour and investment strategies is discussed.
Discussion of data is ordered through subsequent ÔtiersÕ (i.e. sets of linkages) radiating out from the focal tier 1 enterprise-household unit case studies, to tier 2 and tier 3 entities.
Tier 1 (i.e. EHU 1) case studies (Commodities are indicated in parenthesis)
* DP (Irish potatoes)
* GZM (tomatoes)
* MD (Soya beans)
* CBK (Cabbages)
* EJ (Cabbages)
* RT Cabbages
* EP (Groundnuts)

Main second tier EHUs (multiple linkages Ð typically more than five are discussed):
* DP (Irish Potatoes)
* GZM (Tomatoes)
* MD (Soya beans)
* CBK (Cabbages)
* EJ (Cabbages)
* RT (Cabbages)
* EP (Groundnuts)

Third tier linkages (multiple linkages are discussed, typically employment and expenditure linkages):
* DP (Irish potatoes): 
* MD (Soya beans)
* CBK (Cabbages)
* EJ (Cabbages)
* RT (Cabbages) 
* EP (Groundnuts)




File name: SMEADSouthAfricaTier1CaseStudies2014
Title of document: SMEAD South Africa Tier 1 EHU case studies
Content of data file: Case studies discussing the indexical (viz. first tier) farmers / producers or EHUs (Enterprise Household Units).  Includes six small scale and larger scale commercial farmers.  Discussion includes data collected for each case such as nature of operations, history, output markets, input markets, labour and employment, investment strategies and household composition and household expenditure (including where, how much spent).
Discussion of these focal case studies sets the stage for subsequent discussion of (tier 2 and tier 3) income, upstream linkages, downstream linkages and employment.  This file conceptually links to the subsequent, Tier 2 summary contained in the file entitled: SMEADSouthAfricaTier2CaseStudies2014.
Overview:
* Mr SL (Potato, cabbage and beef production)
* Mr DF (Potato and cabbage production)
* Mr MM (Cabbage production)
* Mr MT (Potato cabbage and beef production)
* Mr SGF (Potato and cabbage production)
* Mr RS (Potato and cabbage production)



File name: SMEADSouthAfricaTier2CaseStudies2014
Title of document: SMEAD South Africa Tier 2 case studies
Content of data file: Case studies discussing the second tier (i.e. one linkage removed from the indexical Tier 1 case studies).  The data contained in each case study includes aspects of the case such as nature of operations, its history, size, ownership (of enterprise or ÔEnterprise Household UnitÕ), sourcing of inputs, output markets, staff and employment.  Where relevant (i.e. where itÕs a smaller family run enterprise), household composition and kin labour is discussed.
This file conceptually links (backwards) to the preceding, Tier 1 summary contained in the file entitled: SMEADSouthAfricaTier1CaseStudies2014.  Discussion of these second tier case studies sets the stage for subsequent discussion of (tier 3) income, upstream linkages, downstream linkages and employment contained in the file entitled: SMEADSouthAfricaTier3CaseStudies2014.
Overview:
* WeenenAgri
* VP Petroleum
* UMBC Co-op
* TCS
* Imbewu shop
* Pannar see
* Papadopoulos Trading 
* MKS Supermarket
* Intertrans
* IFC See potoate
* Independent mechanic C
* Independent mechanic B
* Ladysmith fruit and vegetable wholesaller
* Estcourt Mechanisation Dealer
* CPS Seedlings
* CZ Bakkie buyer 
* Weenen abattoir and butchery
* Aheers trading (cash and carry)
* AFGRI




File name: SMEADSouthAfricaTier3CaseStudies2014
Title of document: Tier 3 EHU case studies South Africa
Content of data file: Case studies discussing the third tier (i.e. a linkage removed from the preceding tier 2 case studies).  Each case study includes aspects of the caseÕs focal entity such as nature of operations, its history, size, ownership, sourcing of inputs, output markets, staff and employment.  Where relevant (i.e. where itÕs a smaller family run enterprise), household composition and kin labour is also discussed.   Note italics indicate case studies that fall within both the second (preceding) and the third (i.e. the present) tier, but are written up and included in the preceding second tier.
This file conceptually links (backwards) to the preceding, Tier 2 summary contained in the file entitled: SMEADSouthAfricaTier2CaseStudies2014.
Overview:
* Vleissentraal
* JQ Abattoir
* Ubumbano Co-op 
* Farmers Agrichem agent
* Ethu farm  
* DE Engineering

* Farmers Agri-Care Winterton 
* Papadopoulos Trading 
* Imbewu shop 
* AFGRI 
* Estcourt Farmers Mechanisation 
* Pannar Seed 
* CPS Seedlings 
* Top Crop 
* Weenen Abattoir and butchery 
* Independent mechanic B 


Note talics represent case studies that fall within both the second and the third tier Ð but are written up in the preceding tier).


File name: SMEADZimGeospatialDataMvurwi
Title of document: SMEAD Zimbabwe Mvurwi geospatial data
Content of data file: Document is labeled ÔGeospatial dataÕ but also contains basic information on three successive tiers (each in a separate Excel spreadsheet) of producers within the Mvurwi district of Zimbabwe. The geospatial data has been excised in the interests of anonymity.  
The successive sheets follow from tier 1 through to tier 2, and finally tier 3 within this file. The tier 1 (sheet 1) data contains the name of the indexical farmer / Enterprise Household Unit.  Subsequent tier 2 and 3 (i.e. sheets 2 and 3) list the name of the preceding entity to which they link (i.e. tier 1 farmer / EHU or enterprise). 
Overview (by individual ÔsheetsÕ in Excel file):
Sheet 1 (ÔTier 1Õ)

Quantiative data recording the 
* Name of focal Tier 1 EHU (i.e. indexical farmer or producer)
* Tier (in this case all are Tier 1)
* Category (of farm Ð in terms of the historical designation of the land/tenure)
* Focal Enterprise (the name of the commodity under production)
* Latitude and Longitude (excised in the interests of anonymity)
* (Employment) Permanent (numbers of permanent employees)
* Temporal (Temporary Employment (numbers of temporary employees)

Sheet 2 (ÔTier 2Õ)
* Name of preceding Tier 1 enity (i.e. preceding EHU / Farmer to which this data links)
* Crop (the commodity which is being examined)
* Tier (in this case all enterprises are tier 2)
* Category of linkages (the nature of the linkage, either input such as fertilizer, truck maintenance, or a relationship such as ownership etc.)
* Name of enterprise / entity
* Place (name of the location)
* Latitude and Longitude (removed in the interest of anonymity)

Sheet 3 (ÔTier 3Õ)
* Name of preceding Tier 2 entity (i.e. preceding second tier EHU to which this data point links) 
* Tier (in this case all are tier 3)
* Category of linkage (a characterisation of the linkage, can include inputs, ÔregulatoryÕ, labour etc.).
* Name of enterprise / entity
* Place (town or city)
* Latitude and longitude (excised in the interests of anonymity)




File name: SMEADZimMasvingoBeef2ndand3rdTierInterviewSept2013
Title of document: September 2013 SMEAD Questionnaire Beef / Meat Space Markets in Masvingo province
Content of data file: This Excel spreadsheet summarizes key aspects of the beef value chain, within Masvingo province, for the tier 2 and tier 3 enterprise-household units.  Data is ordered across several rows, as indicated below.

This file links (forward or along the value chain to the discussion of tier 2 and 3 Beef related enterprises contained in the file:  SMEADZimMasvingoMugweniandAbattoirsInterviewAug2013
Overview:

Sheet 1 (ÔSeptember 2013 interviewsÕ)

Data is ordered across several rows, for various kinds of enterprises or nodes.  The rows contain the following sub-headings which designate particular kinds of enterprises or Enterprise Household Units (EHUs):
* Masvingo town butcheries
* Masvingo township butcheries
* Masvingo township butcheries (continued)
* Food outlets (predominantly resturants)
* Food outlets (formal, fixed enterprises)
* Food outlets (ÔmobileÕ and less formal)
* Food oulets (ÔmobileÕ, a contuation of the preceding category)

For each of the EHU / enterprises, contained under the above indicated sub-headings, data on the following is recorded in column format:
* Name of respondent, designation and location (of enterprise/entity)
* Number of workers (permanent/temporary) and location from where employees come/reside (within or outside of 10km radius)
* Relationship (of worker) to employer (kin, paid staff etc.)
* How they (workers) are paid (in kind, cash etc.)
* Sources of beef (multiple sources typically listed) and input quantity (kg per week)
* Relative ranking of (i.e. the significance of) the retail market (to the enterpriseÕs profitablity)
* Average beef retail price
* Various input costs (categories include eletricity, water, rent, licencse, medicaal check per worker annually, health inspector, PPE, detergents and cleaning material and wages).
* Finally, where applicable, other meat sales (i.e. fish and pork costs are included), as well as other costs (e.g. such as firewood), in order to give a global sense of profitablity and employment.

As these are readily identifiable enterprises anyway, geospatial data is generally retained.  Telephone numbers have been excised in the interests of anonymity. 

Sheet 2 (ÔSpace markets summaryÕ)
Data pertaining to the Masvingo province beef space market nodes is described here.  There is a tally of employment created across an exhaustive variety of beef producdt outlets, these include 
2. Beef producers
3. Abattoirs
4. Town butcheries
5. Township butcheries
6. Town resturants
7. Town formal fixed (food outlets)
8. Town mobile kitchens (mobile food outlets)
9. Township resturants
10. Township formal fixed (food outlets)
11. Township mobile (mobile food hawkers)

A list of abattoris and their commercial relationship to other parts of the beef value chain, is contained in this dataset.  These including:
* Rural livestock production
* Town butcheries
* Township butcheries
* Town resturants
* Town formal fixed (food outlets)
* Town mobile kitchens
* Township resturants
* Township formal fixed (food outlets)
* Township mobile kitchens

Finally, this third cluster of data in the document lists the reported constraints gleaned from research participants (and their prevalence across respondents).  These include:
* High beef purchase prices
* Lack of capital
* High rentals
* Competition
* Electricity stoppages (outages)
* High electricity charges
* High transport costs
* Police raids
* Police roadblocks
* Shortage of special cuts (of meat)
* Unhygenic conditions
* Difficult firewood acess (procuring firewood)
* Zimra in future

Finally, the detailed narrative contained in the spreadsheet is also an important part of the incipient analysis. 



File name: SMEADZimMasvingoHorticultureMarketLinkInterviewsJuly2013
Title of document: July 2013 Masvingo SMEAD Report Summary of horticultural market.  
Content of data file: A summary of the Masvingo horticultural value chain data.  Word document contains over 30 pages of predominantly tabulated data summarized from a questionnaire of horticultural value chain.  The first set of respondents are vendors (typically between four and six individuals) from Jerera Growth point, then Gumbo, Ndanga and Train Market, Roy BC (Zaka District, Masvingo).   
The document then includes data derived from interviews with representatives of the OK, RG and MUP supermarkets or retailers.  Each dataset records basic information regarding the sector (economic sector, selected from a predefined list), employment related dynamics (including numbers of employees, relationship to employees, how/if employees are remunerated, average turnover and to whom outputs are sold.   Data also collected on other input costs (materials, hire of trading site, transport, casual labourers etc.).  Data such as telephone numbers and geospatial references have been deleted in the interests of anonymity.
The final part of the document includes a dataset summarizing interviews with retailers / supermarkets.  It records basic self-explanatory information regarding sector, employment/employees (disaggregated per month), source of input procurement, buying selling prices and other inputs sourced and costs paid.
Overview: 
Summary of interviews conducted with (mostly) female vendors, many are widows (indicated in data), as is other aspects of their livelihoods (e.g. husbands working in South Africa) and the areas from which they originate (e.g. resettlement area etc.) 
Jerera  Zaka District Vendors 
* MM   
* MS 
* MT 
* MW
Gumbo Zaka District Vendors
* MK
* MB
* MH 
Ndanga BC / Zaka District MM 
* MM
* MD
Train Market Masvingo Town 
* MB 
* MP 
* MT 
* MI 
Roy BC Masvingo District 
* MJ 
* MM  
* MG 
* MS 
* Mr M  
* M A 
* Baba P 

Supermarkets / Retailers (These are interviews conducted with owners/management of large, formal retailers):
* OK Supermarket
* RG (Retailer)
* MUP


File name: SMEADZimMasvingoMugweniandAbattoirsInterviewAug2013
Title of document: SMEAD Zimbabwe Masvingo Abattoir interviews
Content of data file: Excel spreadsheet containing two sheets: sheet 1 (Abattoir interviews) and sheet 2 (Abattoir summaries).  The data is a summary of detailed interviews /questionnaires conducted with nine abattoirs in Masvingo to illuminates aspects of the (downstream) beef value chain, including key aspects of employment and livelihoods.
This file links, ÔbackwardsÕ along the beef value chain to the data contained in the file entitled: SMEADZimMasvingoBeef2ndand3rdTierInterviewSept2013
Overview:
Sheet 1 (ÔAbattoir interviewsÕ), contains information regarding:
* Name of Owner (of the enterprise)
* Type of animal (the animals abattoir is licensed to slaughter)
* Production Quota animals per day 
* Location
* Workers (number of employees)
* Designation of respondent (viz. the respondent in the interview)
* Number of workers (both permanent and temporary)
* Relationship to employer (kin work etc?)
* Proximity to employer (of the employeeÕs place of residence, within or outside of 10Km radius)
* Throughput rate (of animals)
* Source market (from where the animals are purchased)
* Market intakes (the four largest sources of animals by geographical area, per month)
* Buying price (average buying price)
* Service slaughtering (number of animals)
* Destination market parameters (location and selling price etc.)
* Input costs (e.g. electricity, water, rent, license, medical check of workers, vet fee per animal, PPE, detergents and average wages per worker)

Sheet 2 (ÔAbattoir summariesÕ) 
Draw on the preceding data for the nine focal abbatoirs, but provide short narratives and cover aspects such as the history, and ownership characteristics of the enterprise, competition, other aspects of the value chain (e.g. hides etc), and synergies with other enterprises or activities.


File name: SMEADZimMvurwi2ndand3rdTierInterviewsNov2013
Title of document: SMEAD interviews November 2013 Mvurwi tier 2 and 3 interviews
Content of data file: Summary of interviews conducted with tier 2 and tier 3 EHU and enterprises in Mvurwi.  Includes 4 ÔtransportersÕ (viz. transport contractors), 9 Agents or other agricultural output markets, and finally 3/4 shops (or shopkeepers).   This data is linked to the data of tier1 enterprise household units  contained in the file entitled: SMEADZimGeospatialDataMvurwi
Overview:
1. Transporters (four case studies)
Data gathered includes their status (i.e. farmer and/or transporter:
* Name (anonymised) Age / Gender
* Their relationship to household head
* Details of their fleet (viz. vehicles)
* Ranking of produce transported (by relative importance)
* Seasonality / peak months
* Market destination and average distance to market
* Income parameters (cost per unit)
* Volumes transported to market
* Employees / employment created including numbers of employees, wages, relationship to employee, employers distance from workplace etc.)
Employment created in relation to: Loading jobs, Security guarding, Maintenance, to compute other auxiliary permanent (i.e. non driving) employment.
* Ranking of expenditure / investments of income derived from transport enterprise
* Ranking of transport enterprise relative to commodity production they engaged in 
* Brief listing of constraints / potential opportunities

* Market proprietors and agents (nine case studies)
Data gathered includes their status (i.e. farmer and/or transporter)
* Name (anonymised) Age / Gender
* Their Relationship to household head / designation
* Crop purchased (volumes, number of suppliers etc.)
* Destination of crop (location, distance etc.) 
* Seasonality / peak months
* Transport (own or hired, costs etc.)
* Employees / employment created including numbers of employees, permanent/temporary/kin status, wages, relationship to employee, employers distance from workplace etc.
* Ranking investments from crop buying business.
* Whole business / farm enterprise: relative value of commodities 
* Buying selling constraints 
* Their ranking of business environment and ÔopportunitiesÕ

3. Shops Muswewenhede / Mvurwi Town (four case studies)

* Name (anonymised) Age / Gender
* Details of enterprise
* Crop inputs sold (in 2012/2013 season)
* Basal and top dressing fertilizer sold (tonnes, source, distance of source, selling price etc.).
* Seed sold: maize, sugarbeans, sweet potato, Irish potato, (tonnes, source, distance of source, selling price etc.).
* Employees / employment created including numbers of employees, permanent/temporary/kin status, wages, relationship to employee, employers distance from workplace etc.
* Employees employed in loading / unloading, security, vehicle maintenance. 
* Enterprise constraints / opportunities







File name: SMEADZimMvurwiBenificaryAndFarmwokerSurveyOct2014
Title of document: HOUSEHOLD INFO (Mvurwi beneficiary & farmworker survey)
Content of data file: Excel document contains a number of discrete spreadsheets, tabulating questionnaire-derived data collected from ex-farmworkers and current beneficiaries.  Three main geographical locales within Mvurwi were surveyed, Ruia A, Ruia B and Hariana.  The data collected gives a good indication of current living conditions and livelihoods, it also provides the basis for a basic comparison with research participants living conditions pre fast track land reform.
This file, and its data, were collected in the same locale as the value chain (and its participants) detailed in a previous file.  It therefore ought to be counter-posed with the data contained in the file entitled: SMEADZimMvurwi2ndand3rdTierInterviewsNov2013
Overview:
* Ruia A
* Ruia B
* Hariana
* Ruia A Compound
* Ruia B Compound
* Hariana Compound
While there are minor differences (related to variations in production regimes), the datasets essentially follow same format and share many common questions.  These include: basic demographic details, household data, water supply assets, cropping, labour, livestock, other sources of income and other assets owned.  Also several questions related to pre-land reform (i.e. ÔFast Track land reformÕ), including incomes, location of residence etc.  Finally some comparative questions regarding constraints on current production etc.  The table headings are self-explanatory.
* Name (annonymized)
* Gender of household head (including non-resident heads)
* Success ranking (three point scale from high to low)
* Original district or country (from where they/informant originated)
* The farm they worked for/on before land reform
* Their job specific on farm before land reform
* Monthly pay (in 000 Zim Dollars before land reform) 
* Age of household head (by age band, even if not co-resident)
* Number of adults (over 20 years of age(
* Number of children/youth (under 20 years of age)
* Education level of household head 
* Are they a master farmer? Yes or No.
* Other questions include: housing, water supply, assets, land, cropping, labour, livestock (at present), other income sources in the last year and finally assets owned before land reform and a number of assessment questions (decline or improvement since land reform etc.).
* Do they have a homestead elsewhere (and location)?
* Do they cultivate a field elsewhere (and location)?
* Questions related to the construction/quality of the house and or how many rooms does present homestead have? 
* What other benefits are included/supplied (as part of housing on site)?
* Electricity supply (Yes or no)?
* Water sources (and questions number of boreholes or wells dug, ownership of a engine or windmill pump etc.)?  
* Asset related questions: infrastructure, ploughs, cultivators, ox carts? 
* Ownership of bicycles, tractors, motorbikes, cars, cellphones, chainsaws, solar panels?
* Questions related to land cultivated, rented, where the land is rented, and payment forms (cash rental, sharecropping etc.)?  Whether they have a garden at home or elsewhere (i.e. smaller portion of cultivated land).
* Cropping related questions (in relation to maize, tobacco, sugar beans, groundnuts, sweet potato, Irish potato).
* Labour.  Household members (men and women disaggregated) working on nearby farms, days worked in last month, daily wage etc.  
* Livestock related questions, cattle (numbers), numbers purchased in last five years, and numbers of goats, sheep, donkeys.
* Income remittance income, source of remittances (country), employed household members, cattle, goat or sheep, poultry, vegetable sales.  As well as income from other sources in the last year (building, carpentry, brickmaking, thatching, fishing, woodcarving, tailoring, transport business, grinding mills (service provided), pottery and basket-making, trading, house rental and other off-farm income (specify)? Asset related questions, but also top or foremost Ôother incomeÕ source form list, and second, third etc.  
* Attitudinal questions/assessments such as have livelihoods improved or deteriorated since land reform, along with a listing of main improvement or deterioration. 


 

File name: SMEADZimMvurwiInputSupplierInterviewNotes2014
Title of document:  SMEAD ZimbabweMvurwi fieldnotes (Input supplier interviews)
Content of data file: World document containing notes from a series of interviews conducted with various (upstream) input suppliers in the Mvurwi area.  Data used to understand the applicable enterprises, its place in the value chain and employment related dynamics. 
This file therefore contains data of the upstream input supply networks (and their employment and livelihood creation) that interface with the entities (producers, Enterprise Household Units) contained in the file entitled SMEADZimGeospatialDataMvurwi.  They also link to the entities and linkages described in the file SMEADZimMvurwiTier1InterviewsOct2013.
Overview:
Interviews conducted with representatives (anonymised) of the following firms:
* Agricura 
* Mascho
* Farm and City
* Nico Orgo
* Omnia
* Delta
* TIMB
* ZLT
Specific questions include origins of enterprise, scale of operations, employment (permanent, causal and seasonal employment patterns), where and how inputs are sourced etc.  Some of the interviews also included explicit reflection on constraints / limitations within the business environment.



File name: SMEADZimMvurwiTier1InterviewsOct2013
Title of document:  October 2013 SMEAD Interviews Mvurwi interviews
Content of data file: Interviews conducted with informants in Mvurwi.  Data consist Excel document with three worksheets, ÔMvurwi interview detailsÕ, ÔExecutive summariesÕ (essentially of tobacco production), and a ÔsnapshotÕ of former farmworkers.
This file links to data discussing other aspects of MvurwiÕs horticultural value chains.  This data is contained in the files SMEADZimMvurwiInputSupplierInterviewNotes2014 and SMEADZimMvurwiMaizeandTobaccoFarmInterviewsInputLinksandMarketLinksInterviews2014.
Overview: 
Sheet 1 (ÔMvurwi interview detailsÕ)
Summary of maize farmers/producers
* MM
* KG
* MG
* LD
* GK
* TM

Data collected includes: 
* Workers/employment permanent and temporary, origins (home locale) of workers  relationship to employer (kin etc.), how paid?
* Fertilizer sources (by ranking), seed sources, chemical (agrichemical)?
* Maize markets, selling prices, transport costs and sources of transport (services)? 
* Specific maize-related employment, by task (e.g. Workers/employment permanent and temporary, origins (home locale) of workers, relationship to employer (kin etc.), how paid) but also in relation to ploughing/clearing, weeding, watering, spraying, harvesting etc. 
* Household off season and non-farm employment and income (memberÕs defined in terms of age, sex, martial status, and relationship to household head).  
* Household expenditure (by rank) and total farm production (disaggregated by commodity). 


Sheet 2 (ÔExecutive summariesÕ) 
Summary of Tobacco production

* SC
* NM
* TN
* LM
* AM
* JU
* MM

* Workers/employment permanent and temporary, origins (home locale) of workers, relationship to employer (kin etc.), how paid
* Fertilizer sources (by ranking), seed sources, chemical (agrichemical).
* Tobacco markets, selling prices, transport costs and sources of transport (services). 
* Fuel wood / coal sources (for flue dried tobacco)
* Household expenditure (by rank) and total farm production (disaggregated by commodity). 
* Finally, extensive quotes, comments, observations, recorded for most of the respondents to augment the quantitative data.

Sheet 3. (ÔSnapshot former farmworkersÕ).
Summary of four multi-participant (5-15 persons) focus groups and several single informant interviews conducted at Muswewenhende (Msonnedi) with former farm workers.  The interviews elicited data on, and compare the pre land reform period with the present. 




File name: SMEADZimMvurwiMaizeandTobaccoFarmInterviewsInputLinksandMarketLinksInterviews2014
Title of document: SMEAD Zimbabwe Mvurwi Notebook Ð October 2013 { B Z and FM }
Content of data file: This file contains data derived from interviews with informants in upstream enterprises (some of whom have previously been discussed), in addition to new upstream supply enterprises.  Both the maize and tobacco production networks are discussed.  Maize input suppliers, grain buyers and tobacco markets/buyers are presented and discussed.  Following which data derived from interviews with ÔtransportersÕ is presented. 

Then, data derived from interviews (both group and individuals) with farmworkers on formerly (i.e. pre fast track land reform) White-owned farms is listed, under the broad heading: What has become of former workers on white farms?  These are include both group discussions and indivdiuals interviews with Muswewenhende { Msonnedi } former farm workers (conducted October 2013).  

Finally, the the production network and linkages are described for (small scale) tobacco growers. The very last interviews summarise data collected on the environmental risks assocaited with tobacco cultivation.

The data contained in this file, is an adjunct to the data contained in SMEADZimMvurwiTier1InterviewsOct2013 and the detailed tobacco crop data summarized in SMEADZimTobacco2013SpatialTemporalIncome.
Overview:
Input Suppliers:
* Agricura 
* Mashonaland Cooperatives
* Farm and City
* Nico Orgo
* OMNIA Company
Grain Buyers
* Delta
* National Foods Agent
* Peak Trading
* ProFeeds
* Maize Agents
Tobacco Markets
* Tobacco Industry Marketing Board (TIMB)
* Zimbabwe Leaf Tobacco (ZLT)
   Transporters
* BN
* Mr N 
* Mr K 
* Mr B

(section) What has become of former workers on white farms?
Discussions with Muswewenhende { Msonnedi } former farm workers October 2013

* Hariyana farm former farm workers (15 people)
* Machere Farm former farm workers (11 people)
* Wendiri Farm former farm workers  (15 people)
* Ruya D Farm former farm workers (5 people)
* Pembi Chase former farm worker  (former cook MM)
* Pembi Chase former farm worker  (former cook MM)

Smead Zimbabwe: Small scale tobacco farmers
Tier 1 Ð Tobacco Farmers
* S C
* M 
* T N 
* L M
* A M 
* J U 
* M M 
* K G 
* M G 
* L D 
* G K 


Data collected includes:
* Area under cultivation:
* Employment (Number of permanent, temporary, lrelationshp to farmer,  proximity, terms or method of payment etc.). 
* Other employment related to tobacco cultivation
* Inputs
* Markets
* Produce Transport
* Expenditure
* Items in order of size of expenditure (including location of expenditure and distance from homestead)etc. 
* Other farm production
* Other income sources






File name: SMEADZimTobacco2013SpatialTemporalIncome
Title of document: 2013 CONTRACT INFLOWS
Content of data file:  Excel spreadsheet, indicating the Ôcontract inflowsÕ (for contract tobacco harvesting) for a range of smaller scale farmers (between approximately 100 and 14)) over the course of the 2013 production season.  Spreadsheet gives a good sense of size of flows/advances for the producers.  Each monthÕs data records the province, district, farm type (by historical land/tenure designation) and the dollar value of the tobacco crop.
This data is a sub-set of the data related to Mvurwi tobacco inputs, contained in: SMEADZimMvurwiMaizeandTobaccoFarmInterviewsInputLinksandMarketLinksInterviews2014
Overview:
Data for:
* February
* March
* April
* May
* June
* July




File name: Shapefiles.zip
Title of document: (Various shape files of map data)
Content of data file:  Four folders, containing GIS derived maps, labeled Common, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe.   The files in each folder include those for the applicable countryÕs borders, and for the tier 1, tier 2, tier 3 entities or Enterprise Household Units.  Each file then lists a succession of individual files, containing tier 1 to tier 2 linkages, tier 2 to tier 3 linkages and (where applicable) tier 3 to tier 4 linkages.   Multiple versions of each map exist, where various agricultural commodities are traced (horticulture and beef).
Overview:
Data contained in folders for:
* Common
* Malawi
* South Africa
* Zimbabwe