Codebook

Date - The date of the riot

Category - Was the content of the riot political, economic, identity-based or some combination

Summary - A rough description of what happened during the riot. For more detail please see the individual sources.

Prison rescue - Did the riot involve a 'prison rescue' (large groups of people trying to rescue prisoners from the police/authorities and pursuing the police in a systematic way) (0 = No, 1 = Yes).

Begging - Did the riot involve 'begging' (a routine where rioters asked for relief/donations from shops, houses or wealthy individual) (0 = No, 1 = Yes).

Factory visiting - Did the riot involve 'factory visiting' (rioters moving from factory to factory demanding the workers turn out and join their strike, using violence to enforce the strike) (0 = No, 1 = Yes).

Public/Private - Did the riot take place in public or private space (0 = No, 1 = Yes).

People/Property - Did rioters target people or property?

People targeted in their homes - Were the victims of the riot attacked in their own homes? (Yes/No)

Specific individuals targeted - Were specific individuals targeted for particular reasons? (Yes/No)

Locations - A list of all the locations mentioned in the various accounts of the riots

Start point - Where the riot began

Latitude - Latitude of the riot's start point	

Longitude - Longitude of the riot's start point

Space - The space in which the riot started

Place - The specific place in which the riot started (only recorded if a significant, named place was mentioned)

Type of space - A broader categorisation of Start point (Workplaces, Streets and fields, Places of leisure, Places of worship, Homes, Meeting halls and other smaller categories)

Industrial - Was the riot part of an industrial dispute (Yes/No).

Duration - How long did the riot last.

First day - First day of the riot (Year-Month-Day).

Time - Time of day that the riot began.

Year-Month - Year and month of the riot (e.g. 1812-02).

Year - Year in which the riot took place.

Month - Month in which the riot took place.

Day of the week - Day of the week in which the riot took place.

Special date - Did the riot take place on a special date (e.g. an election, day of religious significance etc).

In work - Did the riot take place during normal working hours (coded as 6am to 6pm, Tuesday to Saturday (1800-1875) and Monday to Friday (1875-1939) - see Tiratelli 2018 p. 72 for more information) (0 = No, 1 = Yes).